Numerical Investigation into the Flow Characteristics of Gas Mixtures in Knudsen Pump with Variable Soft Sphere Model

In Knudsen pumps with geometric configuration of rectangle, gas flows are induced by temperature gradients along channel walls. In this paper, the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to investigate numerically the flow characteristics of H(2)–N(2) mixtures in the Knudsen pump. The variable soft sphere (VSS) model is applied to depict molecular diffusion in the gas mixtures, and the results obtained are compared with those calculated from a variable hard sphere (VHS) model. It is demonstrated that pressure is crucial to affecting the variation of gas flow pattern, but the gas concentration in H(2)–N(2) mixtures and the collision model do not change the flow pattern significantly. On the other hand, the velocity of H(2) is larger than that of N(2). The velocities of H(2) and N(2) increase if the concentration of H(2) rises in the gas mixtures. The results of velocity and mass flow rate obtained from VSS and VHS models are different. Finally, a linear relation between the decrease of mass flow rate and the increase of H(2) concentration is proposed to predict the mass flow rate in H(2)–N(2) mixtures.