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In vitro Selection of Chemically Modified DNAzymes

DNAzymes are in vitro selected DNA oligonucleotides with catalytic activities. RNA cleavage is one of the most extensively studied DNAzyme reactions. To expand the chemical functionality of DNA, various chemical modifications have been made during and after selection. In this review, we summarize ex...

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Autores principales: Huang, Po‐Jung Jimmy, Liu, Juewen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7570446/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101831
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.202000134
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author Huang, Po‐Jung Jimmy
Liu, Juewen
author_facet Huang, Po‐Jung Jimmy
Liu, Juewen
author_sort Huang, Po‐Jung Jimmy
collection PubMed
description DNAzymes are in vitro selected DNA oligonucleotides with catalytic activities. RNA cleavage is one of the most extensively studied DNAzyme reactions. To expand the chemical functionality of DNA, various chemical modifications have been made during and after selection. In this review, we summarize examples of RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes and focus on those modifications introduced during in vitro selection. By incorporating various modified nucleotides via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or primer extension, a few DNAzymes were obtained that can be specifically activated by metal ions such as Zn(2+) and Hg(2+). In addition, some modifications were introduced to mimic RNase A that can cleave RNA substrates in the absence of divalent metal ions. In addition, single modifications at the fixed regions of DNA libraries, especially at the cleavage junctions, have been tested, and examples of DNAzymes with phosphorothioate and histidine‐glycine modified tertiary amine were successfully obtained specific for Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Zn(2+), and Ni(2+). Labeling fluorophore/quencher pair right next to the cleavage junction was also used to obtain signaling DNAzymes for detecting various metal ions and cells. Furthermore, we reviewed work on the cleavage of 2′‐5′ linked RNA and L‐RNA substrates. Finally, applications of these modified DNAzymes as biosensors, RNases, and biochemical probes are briefly described with a few future research opportunities outlined at the end.
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spelling pubmed-75704462020-10-23 In vitro Selection of Chemically Modified DNAzymes Huang, Po‐Jung Jimmy Liu, Juewen ChemistryOpen Reviews DNAzymes are in vitro selected DNA oligonucleotides with catalytic activities. RNA cleavage is one of the most extensively studied DNAzyme reactions. To expand the chemical functionality of DNA, various chemical modifications have been made during and after selection. In this review, we summarize examples of RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes and focus on those modifications introduced during in vitro selection. By incorporating various modified nucleotides via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or primer extension, a few DNAzymes were obtained that can be specifically activated by metal ions such as Zn(2+) and Hg(2+). In addition, some modifications were introduced to mimic RNase A that can cleave RNA substrates in the absence of divalent metal ions. In addition, single modifications at the fixed regions of DNA libraries, especially at the cleavage junctions, have been tested, and examples of DNAzymes with phosphorothioate and histidine‐glycine modified tertiary amine were successfully obtained specific for Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Zn(2+), and Ni(2+). Labeling fluorophore/quencher pair right next to the cleavage junction was also used to obtain signaling DNAzymes for detecting various metal ions and cells. Furthermore, we reviewed work on the cleavage of 2′‐5′ linked RNA and L‐RNA substrates. Finally, applications of these modified DNAzymes as biosensors, RNases, and biochemical probes are briefly described with a few future research opportunities outlined at the end. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7570446/ /pubmed/33101831 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.202000134 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH GmbH This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Reviews
Huang, Po‐Jung Jimmy
Liu, Juewen
In vitro Selection of Chemically Modified DNAzymes
title In vitro Selection of Chemically Modified DNAzymes
title_full In vitro Selection of Chemically Modified DNAzymes
title_fullStr In vitro Selection of Chemically Modified DNAzymes
title_full_unstemmed In vitro Selection of Chemically Modified DNAzymes
title_short In vitro Selection of Chemically Modified DNAzymes
title_sort in vitro selection of chemically modified dnazymes
topic Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7570446/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101831
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.202000134
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