Cargando…

Motivational factors underlying aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer

While interest in active avoidance has recently been resurgent, many concerns relating to the nature of this form of learning remain unresolved. By separating stimulus and response acquisition, aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer can be used to measure the effect of avoidance learning on threat...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Campese, Vinn D., Kim, Ian T., Kurpas, Botagoz, Branigan, Lauren, Draus, Cassandra, LeDoux, Joseph E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7571266/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33060285
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.052316.120
_version_ 1783597136920707072
author Campese, Vinn D.
Kim, Ian T.
Kurpas, Botagoz
Branigan, Lauren
Draus, Cassandra
LeDoux, Joseph E.
author_facet Campese, Vinn D.
Kim, Ian T.
Kurpas, Botagoz
Branigan, Lauren
Draus, Cassandra
LeDoux, Joseph E.
author_sort Campese, Vinn D.
collection PubMed
description While interest in active avoidance has recently been resurgent, many concerns relating to the nature of this form of learning remain unresolved. By separating stimulus and response acquisition, aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer can be used to measure the effect of avoidance learning on threat processing with more control than typical avoidance procedures. However, the motivational substrates that contribute to the aversive transfer effect have not been thoroughly examined. In three studies using rodents, the impact of a variety of aversive signals on shock-avoidance responding (i.e., two-way shuttling) was evaluated. Fox urine, as well as a tone paired with the delivery of the predator odor were insufficient modulatory stimuli for the avoidance response. Similarly, a signal for the absence of food did not generate appropriate aversive motivation to enhance shuttling. Only conditioned Pavlovian stimuli that had been paired with unconditioned threats were capable of augmenting shock-avoidance responding. This was true whether the signaled outcome was the same (e.g., shock) or different (e.g., klaxon) from the avoidance outcome (i.e., shock). These findings help to characterize the aversive transfer effect and provide a more thorough analysis of its generalization to warning signals for different kinds of threats. This feature of aversive motivation has not been demonstrated using conventional avoidance procedures and could be potentially useful for applying avoidance in treatment settings.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7571266
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-75712662021-11-01 Motivational factors underlying aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer Campese, Vinn D. Kim, Ian T. Kurpas, Botagoz Branigan, Lauren Draus, Cassandra LeDoux, Joseph E. Learn Mem Research While interest in active avoidance has recently been resurgent, many concerns relating to the nature of this form of learning remain unresolved. By separating stimulus and response acquisition, aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer can be used to measure the effect of avoidance learning on threat processing with more control than typical avoidance procedures. However, the motivational substrates that contribute to the aversive transfer effect have not been thoroughly examined. In three studies using rodents, the impact of a variety of aversive signals on shock-avoidance responding (i.e., two-way shuttling) was evaluated. Fox urine, as well as a tone paired with the delivery of the predator odor were insufficient modulatory stimuli for the avoidance response. Similarly, a signal for the absence of food did not generate appropriate aversive motivation to enhance shuttling. Only conditioned Pavlovian stimuli that had been paired with unconditioned threats were capable of augmenting shock-avoidance responding. This was true whether the signaled outcome was the same (e.g., shock) or different (e.g., klaxon) from the avoidance outcome (i.e., shock). These findings help to characterize the aversive transfer effect and provide a more thorough analysis of its generalization to warning signals for different kinds of threats. This feature of aversive motivation has not been demonstrated using conventional avoidance procedures and could be potentially useful for applying avoidance in treatment settings. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2020-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7571266/ /pubmed/33060285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.052316.120 Text en © 2020 Campese et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first 12 months after the full-issue publication date (see http://learnmem.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After 12 months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Research
Campese, Vinn D.
Kim, Ian T.
Kurpas, Botagoz
Branigan, Lauren
Draus, Cassandra
LeDoux, Joseph E.
Motivational factors underlying aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer
title Motivational factors underlying aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer
title_full Motivational factors underlying aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer
title_fullStr Motivational factors underlying aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer
title_full_unstemmed Motivational factors underlying aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer
title_short Motivational factors underlying aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer
title_sort motivational factors underlying aversive pavlovian-instrumental transfer
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7571266/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33060285
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.052316.120
work_keys_str_mv AT campesevinnd motivationalfactorsunderlyingaversivepavlovianinstrumentaltransfer
AT kimiant motivationalfactorsunderlyingaversivepavlovianinstrumentaltransfer
AT kurpasbotagoz motivationalfactorsunderlyingaversivepavlovianinstrumentaltransfer
AT braniganlauren motivationalfactorsunderlyingaversivepavlovianinstrumentaltransfer
AT drauscassandra motivationalfactorsunderlyingaversivepavlovianinstrumentaltransfer
AT ledouxjosephe motivationalfactorsunderlyingaversivepavlovianinstrumentaltransfer