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Synergistic interaction of eugenol and antimicrobial drugs in eradication of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans
In vitro eradication of the C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms by eugenol alone and in combination with the antimicrobial drugs. Previously characterized strains of C. albicans (CAJ-01 and CAJ-12) and S. mutans MTCC497 were used to evaluate the eradication of biofilms using XTT reduction assay...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7573028/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33074419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-020-01123-2 |
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author | Jafri, Huma Banerjee, Gopa Khan, Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Ahmad, Iqbal Abulreesh, Hussein Hasan Althubiani, Abdullah Safar |
author_facet | Jafri, Huma Banerjee, Gopa Khan, Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Ahmad, Iqbal Abulreesh, Hussein Hasan Althubiani, Abdullah Safar |
author_sort | Jafri, Huma |
collection | PubMed |
description | In vitro eradication of the C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms by eugenol alone and in combination with the antimicrobial drugs. Previously characterized strains of C. albicans (CAJ-01 and CAJ-12) and S. mutans MTCC497 were used to evaluate the eradication of biofilms using XTT reduction assay, viability assay, time dependent killing assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Synergistic interaction was assessed by checkerboard method. Sessile MIC (SMIC) of eugenol was equivalent to the planktonic MIC (PMIC) against C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms. SMIC of fluconazole and azithromycin was increased upto 1000-folds over PMIC. Eradication of single or mixed biofilms was evident from the viability assay and SEM. At 1 × MIC of eugenol, log(10)CFU count of C. albicans cells were decreased from 6.3 to 4.2 and 3.8 (p < 0.05) in single and mixed biofilms, respectively. SEM studies revealed the eradication of C. albicans and S. mutans cells from glass surface at 800 µg/mL concentration of eugenol. Time dependent killing assay showed dose dependent effect of eugenol on pre-formed CAJ-01, CAJ-12 and S. mutans biofilm cells. Eugenol was highly synergistic with fluconazole (FICI = 0.156) against CAJ-12 single biofilms. However, the combination of eugenol and azithromycin showed maximum synergy (FICI = 0.140) against pre-formed C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms. These findings highlighted the promising efficacy of eugenol in the eradication of biofilms of two oral pathogens (C. albicans and S. mutans) in vitro and could also be exploited in synergy with fluconazole and azithromycin in controlling oral infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7573028 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75730282020-10-20 Synergistic interaction of eugenol and antimicrobial drugs in eradication of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans Jafri, Huma Banerjee, Gopa Khan, Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Ahmad, Iqbal Abulreesh, Hussein Hasan Althubiani, Abdullah Safar AMB Express Original Article In vitro eradication of the C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms by eugenol alone and in combination with the antimicrobial drugs. Previously characterized strains of C. albicans (CAJ-01 and CAJ-12) and S. mutans MTCC497 were used to evaluate the eradication of biofilms using XTT reduction assay, viability assay, time dependent killing assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Synergistic interaction was assessed by checkerboard method. Sessile MIC (SMIC) of eugenol was equivalent to the planktonic MIC (PMIC) against C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms. SMIC of fluconazole and azithromycin was increased upto 1000-folds over PMIC. Eradication of single or mixed biofilms was evident from the viability assay and SEM. At 1 × MIC of eugenol, log(10)CFU count of C. albicans cells were decreased from 6.3 to 4.2 and 3.8 (p < 0.05) in single and mixed biofilms, respectively. SEM studies revealed the eradication of C. albicans and S. mutans cells from glass surface at 800 µg/mL concentration of eugenol. Time dependent killing assay showed dose dependent effect of eugenol on pre-formed CAJ-01, CAJ-12 and S. mutans biofilm cells. Eugenol was highly synergistic with fluconazole (FICI = 0.156) against CAJ-12 single biofilms. However, the combination of eugenol and azithromycin showed maximum synergy (FICI = 0.140) against pre-formed C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms. These findings highlighted the promising efficacy of eugenol in the eradication of biofilms of two oral pathogens (C. albicans and S. mutans) in vitro and could also be exploited in synergy with fluconazole and azithromycin in controlling oral infections. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7573028/ /pubmed/33074419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-020-01123-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Jafri, Huma Banerjee, Gopa Khan, Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Ahmad, Iqbal Abulreesh, Hussein Hasan Althubiani, Abdullah Safar Synergistic interaction of eugenol and antimicrobial drugs in eradication of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans |
title | Synergistic interaction of eugenol and antimicrobial drugs in eradication of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans |
title_full | Synergistic interaction of eugenol and antimicrobial drugs in eradication of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans |
title_fullStr | Synergistic interaction of eugenol and antimicrobial drugs in eradication of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans |
title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic interaction of eugenol and antimicrobial drugs in eradication of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans |
title_short | Synergistic interaction of eugenol and antimicrobial drugs in eradication of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans |
title_sort | synergistic interaction of eugenol and antimicrobial drugs in eradication of single and mixed biofilms of candida albicans and streptococcus mutans |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7573028/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33074419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-020-01123-2 |
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