Orbital mucormycosis in immunocompetent children; review of risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment approach

BACKGROUND: Orbital mucormycosis is a rare but potentially severe and troublesome invasive fungal infection that could be occurred even in healthy individuals. The initial clinical presentation is similar to bacterial pre-septal or septal cellulitis, especially in early stages. CASE PRESENTATION: Herein, we describe the successful management of a series of five cases presenting with orbital mucormycosis in previously healthy children. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital mucormycosis is extremely rare in healthy children and maybe life-threatening when diagnosis delayed given a similar clinical presentation with bacterial septal cellulitis. Intravenous antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and timely surgical drainage is live-saving.