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Lost in deletion: The enigmatic ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome contains nine open reading frames (ORFs) that encode for accessory proteins which, although dispensable for viral replication, are important for the modulation of the host infected cell metabolism and innate immunity evasion. Am...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Elsevier Inc.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7577707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33685621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.045 |
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author | Zinzula, Luca |
author_facet | Zinzula, Luca |
author_sort | Zinzula, Luca |
collection | PubMed |
description | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome contains nine open reading frames (ORFs) that encode for accessory proteins which, although dispensable for viral replication, are important for the modulation of the host infected cell metabolism and innate immunity evasion. Among those, the ORF8 gene encodes for the homonymous multifunctional, highly immunogenic, immunoglobulin-like protein that was recently found to inhibit presentation of viral antigens by class I major histocompatibility complex, suppress the type I interferon antiviral response and interact with host factors involved in pulmonary inflammation and fibrogenesis. Moreover, the ORF8 is a hypervariable gene rapidly evolving among SARS-related coronaviruses, with a tendency to recombine and undergo deletions that are deemed to facilitate the virus adaptation to the human host. Intriguingly, SARS-CoV-2 variants isolated in the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic that were deleted of the ORF8 gene have been associated to milder symptoms and better disease outcome. This minireview summarizes the current knowledge on the SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein in perspective to its potential as antiviral target and with special emphasis on the biochemical, biophysical and structural aspects of its molecular biology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7577707 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75777072020-10-22 Lost in deletion: The enigmatic ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 Zinzula, Luca Biochem Biophys Res Commun Article The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome contains nine open reading frames (ORFs) that encode for accessory proteins which, although dispensable for viral replication, are important for the modulation of the host infected cell metabolism and innate immunity evasion. Among those, the ORF8 gene encodes for the homonymous multifunctional, highly immunogenic, immunoglobulin-like protein that was recently found to inhibit presentation of viral antigens by class I major histocompatibility complex, suppress the type I interferon antiviral response and interact with host factors involved in pulmonary inflammation and fibrogenesis. Moreover, the ORF8 is a hypervariable gene rapidly evolving among SARS-related coronaviruses, with a tendency to recombine and undergo deletions that are deemed to facilitate the virus adaptation to the human host. Intriguingly, SARS-CoV-2 variants isolated in the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic that were deleted of the ORF8 gene have been associated to milder symptoms and better disease outcome. This minireview summarizes the current knowledge on the SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein in perspective to its potential as antiviral target and with special emphasis on the biochemical, biophysical and structural aspects of its molecular biology. Elsevier Inc. 2021-01-29 2020-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7577707/ /pubmed/33685621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.045 Text en © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Zinzula, Luca Lost in deletion: The enigmatic ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 |
title | Lost in deletion: The enigmatic ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 |
title_full | Lost in deletion: The enigmatic ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 |
title_fullStr | Lost in deletion: The enigmatic ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 |
title_full_unstemmed | Lost in deletion: The enigmatic ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 |
title_short | Lost in deletion: The enigmatic ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 |
title_sort | lost in deletion: the enigmatic orf8 protein of sars-cov-2 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7577707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33685621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.045 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zinzulaluca lostindeletiontheenigmaticorf8proteinofsarscov2 |