Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Admitted at Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for acute coronary syndrome. Dyslipidemia with an increase in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is one of the major risk factors for the acute coronary syndrome and alone account for more than 50% of population attributable risk. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of dyslipidemia. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 105 patients admitted at the tertiary care center with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome from July 2018 to March 2019 after approval from the institutional review committee (Ref no. 205/2018). Fasting serum lipid profile was obtained within 24 hours of hospitalization with the convenient sampling method. Data were analyzed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Point estimation at 95% Confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. RESULTS: Out of 105 people, dyslipidemia was present in 51 (48.6%). The mean age of the participants was 59.19±12.69 years. The majority 81 (77.1%) were male. The mean total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 183.43±35.9 mg/dl, 140.59±46.83 mg/dl, 109.9±26.38 mg/dl and 41.17±4.78 mg/dl respectively. High total cholesterol and triglyceride were found in 34 (32.4%) each, low high-density lipoprotein in 31 (29.5%) and high low-density lipoprotein in 22 (21%). It was present in 8 (42.1%) underweight, 24 (40.7%) normal weight and 19 (70.4%) overweight patients. It was present in 20 (60.6%) diabetics, 34 (48.6%) hypertensives, 5 (45.5%) smokers and 2 (33.3%) with a family history of coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor in patients with acute coronary syndrome and commonly associated with other risk factors. Careful attention to its management may help to reduce further events.