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COVID-19: Targeting Proteases in Viral Invasion and Host Immune Response

An acute respiratory disorder (COVID-19) that accelerated across the globe has been found to be caused by a novel strain of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2). The absence of a specific antiviral drug or vaccination has promoted the development of immediate therapeutic responses against SARS-CoV-2. As incre...

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Autores principales: Seth, Sanchit, Batra, Jyotsna, Srinivasan, Srilakshmi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581869/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33195400
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2020.00215
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author Seth, Sanchit
Batra, Jyotsna
Srinivasan, Srilakshmi
author_facet Seth, Sanchit
Batra, Jyotsna
Srinivasan, Srilakshmi
author_sort Seth, Sanchit
collection PubMed
description An acute respiratory disorder (COVID-19) that accelerated across the globe has been found to be caused by a novel strain of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2). The absence of a specific antiviral drug or vaccination has promoted the development of immediate therapeutic responses against SARS-CoV-2. As increased levels of plasma chemokines and, cytokines and an uncontrolled influx of inflammatory cells were observed in lethal cases, it was concluded that the severity of the infection corresponded with the imbalanced host immunity against the virus. Tracing back the knowledge acquired from SERS and MERS infections, clinical evidence suggested similar host immune reactions and host ACE2 receptor-derived invasion by SARS-CoV-2. Further studies revealed the integral role of proteases (TMPRSS2, cathepsins, plasmin, etc.) in viral entry and the immune system. This review aims to provide a brief review on the latest research progress in identifying the potential role of proteases in SARS-CoV-2 viral spread and infection and combines it with already known information on the role of different proteases in providing an immune response. It further proposes a multidisciplinary clinical approach to target proteases specifically, through a combinatorial administration of protease inhibitors. This predictive review may help in providing a perspective to gain deeper insights of the proteolytic web involved in SARS-CoV-2 viral invasion and host immune response.
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spelling pubmed-75818692020-11-13 COVID-19: Targeting Proteases in Viral Invasion and Host Immune Response Seth, Sanchit Batra, Jyotsna Srinivasan, Srilakshmi Front Mol Biosci Molecular Biosciences An acute respiratory disorder (COVID-19) that accelerated across the globe has been found to be caused by a novel strain of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2). The absence of a specific antiviral drug or vaccination has promoted the development of immediate therapeutic responses against SARS-CoV-2. As increased levels of plasma chemokines and, cytokines and an uncontrolled influx of inflammatory cells were observed in lethal cases, it was concluded that the severity of the infection corresponded with the imbalanced host immunity against the virus. Tracing back the knowledge acquired from SERS and MERS infections, clinical evidence suggested similar host immune reactions and host ACE2 receptor-derived invasion by SARS-CoV-2. Further studies revealed the integral role of proteases (TMPRSS2, cathepsins, plasmin, etc.) in viral entry and the immune system. This review aims to provide a brief review on the latest research progress in identifying the potential role of proteases in SARS-CoV-2 viral spread and infection and combines it with already known information on the role of different proteases in providing an immune response. It further proposes a multidisciplinary clinical approach to target proteases specifically, through a combinatorial administration of protease inhibitors. This predictive review may help in providing a perspective to gain deeper insights of the proteolytic web involved in SARS-CoV-2 viral invasion and host immune response. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7581869/ /pubmed/33195400 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2020.00215 Text en Copyright © 2020 Seth, Batra and Srinivasan. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Molecular Biosciences
Seth, Sanchit
Batra, Jyotsna
Srinivasan, Srilakshmi
COVID-19: Targeting Proteases in Viral Invasion and Host Immune Response
title COVID-19: Targeting Proteases in Viral Invasion and Host Immune Response
title_full COVID-19: Targeting Proteases in Viral Invasion and Host Immune Response
title_fullStr COVID-19: Targeting Proteases in Viral Invasion and Host Immune Response
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19: Targeting Proteases in Viral Invasion and Host Immune Response
title_short COVID-19: Targeting Proteases in Viral Invasion and Host Immune Response
title_sort covid-19: targeting proteases in viral invasion and host immune response
topic Molecular Biosciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581869/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33195400
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2020.00215
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