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Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a new reality for many physiological and pathological functions as an alternative mode of intercellular communication. This is due to their capacity to interact with distant recipient cells, usually involving delivery of the EVs contents into the target cells....

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Autores principales: Dolcetti, Ettore, Bruno, Antonio, Guadalupi, Livia, Rizzo, Francesca Romana, Musella, Alessandra, Gentile, Antonietta, De Vito, Francesca, Caioli, Silvia, Bullitta, Silvia, Fresegna, Diego, Vanni, Valentina, Balletta, Sara, Sanna, Krizia, Buttari, Fabio, Stampanoni Bassi, Mario, Centonze, Diego, Mandolesi, Georgia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7582271/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33020408
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197336
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author Dolcetti, Ettore
Bruno, Antonio
Guadalupi, Livia
Rizzo, Francesca Romana
Musella, Alessandra
Gentile, Antonietta
De Vito, Francesca
Caioli, Silvia
Bullitta, Silvia
Fresegna, Diego
Vanni, Valentina
Balletta, Sara
Sanna, Krizia
Buttari, Fabio
Stampanoni Bassi, Mario
Centonze, Diego
Mandolesi, Georgia
author_facet Dolcetti, Ettore
Bruno, Antonio
Guadalupi, Livia
Rizzo, Francesca Romana
Musella, Alessandra
Gentile, Antonietta
De Vito, Francesca
Caioli, Silvia
Bullitta, Silvia
Fresegna, Diego
Vanni, Valentina
Balletta, Sara
Sanna, Krizia
Buttari, Fabio
Stampanoni Bassi, Mario
Centonze, Diego
Mandolesi, Georgia
author_sort Dolcetti, Ettore
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a new reality for many physiological and pathological functions as an alternative mode of intercellular communication. This is due to their capacity to interact with distant recipient cells, usually involving delivery of the EVs contents into the target cells. Intensive investigation has targeted the role of EVs in different pathological conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the nervous system, one of the main causes of neurological disability in young adults. The fine interplay between the immune and nervous systems is profoundly altered in this disease, and EVs seems to have a relevant impact on MS pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of both clinical and preclinical studies showing that EVs released from blood–brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes, myeloid cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of MS and of its rodent model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Most of the information points to an impact of EVs on BBB damage, on spreading pro-inflammatory signals, and altering neuronal functions, but EVs reparative function of brain damage deserves attention. Finally, we will describe recent advances about EVs as potential therapeutic targets and tools for therapeutic intervention in MS.
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spelling pubmed-75822712020-10-28 Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis Dolcetti, Ettore Bruno, Antonio Guadalupi, Livia Rizzo, Francesca Romana Musella, Alessandra Gentile, Antonietta De Vito, Francesca Caioli, Silvia Bullitta, Silvia Fresegna, Diego Vanni, Valentina Balletta, Sara Sanna, Krizia Buttari, Fabio Stampanoni Bassi, Mario Centonze, Diego Mandolesi, Georgia Int J Mol Sci Review Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a new reality for many physiological and pathological functions as an alternative mode of intercellular communication. This is due to their capacity to interact with distant recipient cells, usually involving delivery of the EVs contents into the target cells. Intensive investigation has targeted the role of EVs in different pathological conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the nervous system, one of the main causes of neurological disability in young adults. The fine interplay between the immune and nervous systems is profoundly altered in this disease, and EVs seems to have a relevant impact on MS pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of both clinical and preclinical studies showing that EVs released from blood–brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes, myeloid cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of MS and of its rodent model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Most of the information points to an impact of EVs on BBB damage, on spreading pro-inflammatory signals, and altering neuronal functions, but EVs reparative function of brain damage deserves attention. Finally, we will describe recent advances about EVs as potential therapeutic targets and tools for therapeutic intervention in MS. MDPI 2020-10-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7582271/ /pubmed/33020408 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197336 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Dolcetti, Ettore
Bruno, Antonio
Guadalupi, Livia
Rizzo, Francesca Romana
Musella, Alessandra
Gentile, Antonietta
De Vito, Francesca
Caioli, Silvia
Bullitta, Silvia
Fresegna, Diego
Vanni, Valentina
Balletta, Sara
Sanna, Krizia
Buttari, Fabio
Stampanoni Bassi, Mario
Centonze, Diego
Mandolesi, Georgia
Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis
title Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis
title_full Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis
title_fullStr Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis
title_full_unstemmed Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis
title_short Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis
title_sort emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7582271/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33020408
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197336
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