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Winter Nights during Summer Time: Stress Physiological Response to Ice and the Facilitation of Freezing Cytorrhysis by Elastic Cell Wall Components in the Leaves of a Nival Species

Ranunculus glacialis grows and reproduces successfully, although the snow-free time period is short (2–3 months) and night frosts are frequent. At a nival site (3185 m a.s.l.), we disentangled the interplay between the atmospheric temperature, leaf temperatures, and leaf freezing frequency to assess...

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Autores principales: Stegner, Matthias, Lackner, Barbara, Schäfernolte, Tanja, Buchner, Othmar, Xiao, Nannan, Gierlinger, Notburga, Holzinger, Andreas, Neuner, Gilbert
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7582304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32987913
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197042
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author Stegner, Matthias
Lackner, Barbara
Schäfernolte, Tanja
Buchner, Othmar
Xiao, Nannan
Gierlinger, Notburga
Holzinger, Andreas
Neuner, Gilbert
author_facet Stegner, Matthias
Lackner, Barbara
Schäfernolte, Tanja
Buchner, Othmar
Xiao, Nannan
Gierlinger, Notburga
Holzinger, Andreas
Neuner, Gilbert
author_sort Stegner, Matthias
collection PubMed
description Ranunculus glacialis grows and reproduces successfully, although the snow-free time period is short (2–3 months) and night frosts are frequent. At a nival site (3185 m a.s.l.), we disentangled the interplay between the atmospheric temperature, leaf temperatures, and leaf freezing frequency to assess the actual strain. For a comprehensive understanding, the freezing behavior from the whole plant to the leaf and cellular level and its physiological after-effects as well as cell wall chemistry were studied. The atmospheric temperatures did not mirror the leaf temperatures, which could be 9.3 °C lower. Leaf freezing occurred even when the air temperature was above 0 °C. Ice nucleation at on average −2.6 °C started usually independently in each leaf, as the shoot is deep-seated in unfrozen soil. All the mesophyll cells were subjected to freezing cytorrhysis. Huge ice masses formed in the intercellular spaces of the spongy parenchyma. After thawing, photosynthesis was unaffected regardless of whether ice had formed. The cell walls were pectin-rich and triglycerides occurred, particularly in the spongy parenchyma. At high elevations, atmospheric temperatures fail to predict plant freezing. Shoot burial prevents ice spreading, specific tissue architecture enables ice management, and the flexibility of cell walls allows recurrent freezing cytorrhysis. The peculiar patterning of triglycerides close to ice rewards further investigation.
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spelling pubmed-75823042020-10-28 Winter Nights during Summer Time: Stress Physiological Response to Ice and the Facilitation of Freezing Cytorrhysis by Elastic Cell Wall Components in the Leaves of a Nival Species Stegner, Matthias Lackner, Barbara Schäfernolte, Tanja Buchner, Othmar Xiao, Nannan Gierlinger, Notburga Holzinger, Andreas Neuner, Gilbert Int J Mol Sci Article Ranunculus glacialis grows and reproduces successfully, although the snow-free time period is short (2–3 months) and night frosts are frequent. At a nival site (3185 m a.s.l.), we disentangled the interplay between the atmospheric temperature, leaf temperatures, and leaf freezing frequency to assess the actual strain. For a comprehensive understanding, the freezing behavior from the whole plant to the leaf and cellular level and its physiological after-effects as well as cell wall chemistry were studied. The atmospheric temperatures did not mirror the leaf temperatures, which could be 9.3 °C lower. Leaf freezing occurred even when the air temperature was above 0 °C. Ice nucleation at on average −2.6 °C started usually independently in each leaf, as the shoot is deep-seated in unfrozen soil. All the mesophyll cells were subjected to freezing cytorrhysis. Huge ice masses formed in the intercellular spaces of the spongy parenchyma. After thawing, photosynthesis was unaffected regardless of whether ice had formed. The cell walls were pectin-rich and triglycerides occurred, particularly in the spongy parenchyma. At high elevations, atmospheric temperatures fail to predict plant freezing. Shoot burial prevents ice spreading, specific tissue architecture enables ice management, and the flexibility of cell walls allows recurrent freezing cytorrhysis. The peculiar patterning of triglycerides close to ice rewards further investigation. MDPI 2020-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7582304/ /pubmed/32987913 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197042 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Stegner, Matthias
Lackner, Barbara
Schäfernolte, Tanja
Buchner, Othmar
Xiao, Nannan
Gierlinger, Notburga
Holzinger, Andreas
Neuner, Gilbert
Winter Nights during Summer Time: Stress Physiological Response to Ice and the Facilitation of Freezing Cytorrhysis by Elastic Cell Wall Components in the Leaves of a Nival Species
title Winter Nights during Summer Time: Stress Physiological Response to Ice and the Facilitation of Freezing Cytorrhysis by Elastic Cell Wall Components in the Leaves of a Nival Species
title_full Winter Nights during Summer Time: Stress Physiological Response to Ice and the Facilitation of Freezing Cytorrhysis by Elastic Cell Wall Components in the Leaves of a Nival Species
title_fullStr Winter Nights during Summer Time: Stress Physiological Response to Ice and the Facilitation of Freezing Cytorrhysis by Elastic Cell Wall Components in the Leaves of a Nival Species
title_full_unstemmed Winter Nights during Summer Time: Stress Physiological Response to Ice and the Facilitation of Freezing Cytorrhysis by Elastic Cell Wall Components in the Leaves of a Nival Species
title_short Winter Nights during Summer Time: Stress Physiological Response to Ice and the Facilitation of Freezing Cytorrhysis by Elastic Cell Wall Components in the Leaves of a Nival Species
title_sort winter nights during summer time: stress physiological response to ice and the facilitation of freezing cytorrhysis by elastic cell wall components in the leaves of a nival species
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7582304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32987913
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197042
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