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Effects of Host-Adaptive Mutations on Hop Stunt Viroid Pathogenicity and Small RNA Biogenesis
Accidental transmission of hop stunt viroid (HSVd) from grapevine to hop has led to several epidemics of hop stunt disease with convergent evolution of HSVd-g(rape) into HSVd-h(op) containing five mutations. However, the biological function of these five mutations remains unknown. In this study, we...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7582576/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33036282 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197383 |
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author | Zhang, Zhixiang Xia, Changjian Matsuda, Takahiro Taneda, Akito Murosaki, Fumiko Hou, Wanying Owens, Robert A. Li, Shifang Sano, Teruo |
author_facet | Zhang, Zhixiang Xia, Changjian Matsuda, Takahiro Taneda, Akito Murosaki, Fumiko Hou, Wanying Owens, Robert A. Li, Shifang Sano, Teruo |
author_sort | Zhang, Zhixiang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Accidental transmission of hop stunt viroid (HSVd) from grapevine to hop has led to several epidemics of hop stunt disease with convergent evolution of HSVd-g(rape) into HSVd-h(op) containing five mutations. However, the biological function of these five mutations remains unknown. In this study, we compare the biological property of HSVd-g and HSVd-h by bioassay and analyze HSVd-specific small RNA (HSVd-sRNA) using high-throughput sequencing. The bioassay indicated an association of these five mutations with differences in infectivity, replication capacity, and pathogenicity between HSVd-g and HSVd-h, e.g., HSVd-g induced more severe symptoms than HSVd-h in cucumber. Site-directed mutagenesis of HSVd-g showed that the mutation at position 54 increased pathogenicity. HSVd-sRNA analysis of cucumber and hop plants infected with different HSVd variants showed that several sRNA species containing adaptive nucleotides were specifically down-regulated in plants infected with HSVd-h. Several HSVd-sRNAs containing adaptive mutations were predicted to target cucumber genes, but changes in the levels of these genes were not directly correlated with changes in symptom expression. Furthermore, expression levels of two other cucumber genes targeted by HSVd-RNAs, encoding ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF011, and trihelix transcription factor GTL2, were altered by HSVd infection. The possible relationship between these two genes to HSVd pathogenicity is discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7582576 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75825762020-10-28 Effects of Host-Adaptive Mutations on Hop Stunt Viroid Pathogenicity and Small RNA Biogenesis Zhang, Zhixiang Xia, Changjian Matsuda, Takahiro Taneda, Akito Murosaki, Fumiko Hou, Wanying Owens, Robert A. Li, Shifang Sano, Teruo Int J Mol Sci Article Accidental transmission of hop stunt viroid (HSVd) from grapevine to hop has led to several epidemics of hop stunt disease with convergent evolution of HSVd-g(rape) into HSVd-h(op) containing five mutations. However, the biological function of these five mutations remains unknown. In this study, we compare the biological property of HSVd-g and HSVd-h by bioassay and analyze HSVd-specific small RNA (HSVd-sRNA) using high-throughput sequencing. The bioassay indicated an association of these five mutations with differences in infectivity, replication capacity, and pathogenicity between HSVd-g and HSVd-h, e.g., HSVd-g induced more severe symptoms than HSVd-h in cucumber. Site-directed mutagenesis of HSVd-g showed that the mutation at position 54 increased pathogenicity. HSVd-sRNA analysis of cucumber and hop plants infected with different HSVd variants showed that several sRNA species containing adaptive nucleotides were specifically down-regulated in plants infected with HSVd-h. Several HSVd-sRNAs containing adaptive mutations were predicted to target cucumber genes, but changes in the levels of these genes were not directly correlated with changes in symptom expression. Furthermore, expression levels of two other cucumber genes targeted by HSVd-RNAs, encoding ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF011, and trihelix transcription factor GTL2, were altered by HSVd infection. The possible relationship between these two genes to HSVd pathogenicity is discussed. MDPI 2020-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7582576/ /pubmed/33036282 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197383 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhang, Zhixiang Xia, Changjian Matsuda, Takahiro Taneda, Akito Murosaki, Fumiko Hou, Wanying Owens, Robert A. Li, Shifang Sano, Teruo Effects of Host-Adaptive Mutations on Hop Stunt Viroid Pathogenicity and Small RNA Biogenesis |
title | Effects of Host-Adaptive Mutations on Hop Stunt Viroid Pathogenicity and Small RNA Biogenesis |
title_full | Effects of Host-Adaptive Mutations on Hop Stunt Viroid Pathogenicity and Small RNA Biogenesis |
title_fullStr | Effects of Host-Adaptive Mutations on Hop Stunt Viroid Pathogenicity and Small RNA Biogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Host-Adaptive Mutations on Hop Stunt Viroid Pathogenicity and Small RNA Biogenesis |
title_short | Effects of Host-Adaptive Mutations on Hop Stunt Viroid Pathogenicity and Small RNA Biogenesis |
title_sort | effects of host-adaptive mutations on hop stunt viroid pathogenicity and small rna biogenesis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7582576/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33036282 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197383 |
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