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Maternal Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Programs Hypertension in Adult Male Rat Offspring: Implications of Nitric Oxide and Gut Microbiome Derived Metabolites
Maternal chronic kidney disease (CKD) during pregnancy causes adverse fetal programming. Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and dysregulated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during pregnancy are linked to the development of hypertension in adult offspring. We examined whether mate...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7583952/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33008046 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197237 |
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author | Hsu, Chien-Ning Yang, Hung-Wei Hou, Chih-Yao Chang-Chien, Guo-Ping Lin, Sufan Tain, You-Lin |
author_facet | Hsu, Chien-Ning Yang, Hung-Wei Hou, Chih-Yao Chang-Chien, Guo-Ping Lin, Sufan Tain, You-Lin |
author_sort | Hsu, Chien-Ning |
collection | PubMed |
description | Maternal chronic kidney disease (CKD) during pregnancy causes adverse fetal programming. Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and dysregulated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during pregnancy are linked to the development of hypertension in adult offspring. We examined whether maternal adenine-induced CKD can program hypertension and kidney disease in adult male offspring. We also aimed to identify potential mechanisms, including alterations of gut microbiota composition, increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), reduced NO bioavailability, and dysregulation of the RAS. To construct a maternal CKD model, female Sprague-Dawley rats received regular chow (control group) or chow supplemented with 0.5% adenine (CKD group) for 3 weeks before pregnancy. Mother rats were sacrificed on gestational day 21 to analyze placentas and fetuses. Male offspring (n = 8/group) were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. Adenine-fed rats developed renal dysfunction, glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, hypertension, placental abnormalities, and reduced fetal weights. Additionally, maternal adenine-induced CKD caused hypertension and renal hypertrophy in adult male offspring. These adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes are associated with alterations of gut microbiota composition, increased uremic toxin asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA), increased microbiota-derived uremic toxin TMAO, reduced microbiota-derived metabolite acetate and butyrate levels, and dysregulation of the intrarenal RAS. Our results indicated that adenine-induced maternal CKD could be an appropriate model for studying uremia-related adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes. Targeting NO pathway, microbiota metabolite TMAO, and the RAS might be potential therapeutic strategies to improve maternal CKD-induced adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7583952 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75839522020-10-29 Maternal Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Programs Hypertension in Adult Male Rat Offspring: Implications of Nitric Oxide and Gut Microbiome Derived Metabolites Hsu, Chien-Ning Yang, Hung-Wei Hou, Chih-Yao Chang-Chien, Guo-Ping Lin, Sufan Tain, You-Lin Int J Mol Sci Article Maternal chronic kidney disease (CKD) during pregnancy causes adverse fetal programming. Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and dysregulated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during pregnancy are linked to the development of hypertension in adult offspring. We examined whether maternal adenine-induced CKD can program hypertension and kidney disease in adult male offspring. We also aimed to identify potential mechanisms, including alterations of gut microbiota composition, increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), reduced NO bioavailability, and dysregulation of the RAS. To construct a maternal CKD model, female Sprague-Dawley rats received regular chow (control group) or chow supplemented with 0.5% adenine (CKD group) for 3 weeks before pregnancy. Mother rats were sacrificed on gestational day 21 to analyze placentas and fetuses. Male offspring (n = 8/group) were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. Adenine-fed rats developed renal dysfunction, glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, hypertension, placental abnormalities, and reduced fetal weights. Additionally, maternal adenine-induced CKD caused hypertension and renal hypertrophy in adult male offspring. These adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes are associated with alterations of gut microbiota composition, increased uremic toxin asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA), increased microbiota-derived uremic toxin TMAO, reduced microbiota-derived metabolite acetate and butyrate levels, and dysregulation of the intrarenal RAS. Our results indicated that adenine-induced maternal CKD could be an appropriate model for studying uremia-related adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes. Targeting NO pathway, microbiota metabolite TMAO, and the RAS might be potential therapeutic strategies to improve maternal CKD-induced adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes. MDPI 2020-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7583952/ /pubmed/33008046 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197237 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hsu, Chien-Ning Yang, Hung-Wei Hou, Chih-Yao Chang-Chien, Guo-Ping Lin, Sufan Tain, You-Lin Maternal Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Programs Hypertension in Adult Male Rat Offspring: Implications of Nitric Oxide and Gut Microbiome Derived Metabolites |
title | Maternal Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Programs Hypertension in Adult Male Rat Offspring: Implications of Nitric Oxide and Gut Microbiome Derived Metabolites |
title_full | Maternal Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Programs Hypertension in Adult Male Rat Offspring: Implications of Nitric Oxide and Gut Microbiome Derived Metabolites |
title_fullStr | Maternal Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Programs Hypertension in Adult Male Rat Offspring: Implications of Nitric Oxide and Gut Microbiome Derived Metabolites |
title_full_unstemmed | Maternal Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Programs Hypertension in Adult Male Rat Offspring: Implications of Nitric Oxide and Gut Microbiome Derived Metabolites |
title_short | Maternal Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Programs Hypertension in Adult Male Rat Offspring: Implications of Nitric Oxide and Gut Microbiome Derived Metabolites |
title_sort | maternal adenine-induced chronic kidney disease programs hypertension in adult male rat offspring: implications of nitric oxide and gut microbiome derived metabolites |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7583952/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33008046 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197237 |
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