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The Role and Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in the Modulation and Delivery of Cytokines during Autoimmunity
Cytokines and extracellular vesicles are two methods of initiating and maintaining cellular crosstalk. The role of cytokines in the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammation has been well studied and more so, their pathophysiological role in the development of autoimmune disease. In re...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7584003/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32993051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197096 |
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author | Hussain, Mohammed Tayab Iqbal, Asif Jilani Norling, Lucy Victoria |
author_facet | Hussain, Mohammed Tayab Iqbal, Asif Jilani Norling, Lucy Victoria |
author_sort | Hussain, Mohammed Tayab |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cytokines and extracellular vesicles are two methods of initiating and maintaining cellular crosstalk. The role of cytokines in the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammation has been well studied and more so, their pathophysiological role in the development of autoimmune disease. In recent years, the impact of extracellular vesicles on the progression of autoimmunity has become more widely appreciated. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that allow extracellular vesicles of various sources to modulate cytokine production, and release, and how extracellular vesicles might be involved in the direct delivery and modulation of cytokine levels. Moreover, we explore what challenges are faced by current therapies and the promising future for extracellular vesicles as therapeutic agents in conditions driven by immune dysregulation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7584003 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75840032020-10-29 The Role and Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in the Modulation and Delivery of Cytokines during Autoimmunity Hussain, Mohammed Tayab Iqbal, Asif Jilani Norling, Lucy Victoria Int J Mol Sci Review Cytokines and extracellular vesicles are two methods of initiating and maintaining cellular crosstalk. The role of cytokines in the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammation has been well studied and more so, their pathophysiological role in the development of autoimmune disease. In recent years, the impact of extracellular vesicles on the progression of autoimmunity has become more widely appreciated. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that allow extracellular vesicles of various sources to modulate cytokine production, and release, and how extracellular vesicles might be involved in the direct delivery and modulation of cytokine levels. Moreover, we explore what challenges are faced by current therapies and the promising future for extracellular vesicles as therapeutic agents in conditions driven by immune dysregulation. MDPI 2020-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7584003/ /pubmed/32993051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197096 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Hussain, Mohammed Tayab Iqbal, Asif Jilani Norling, Lucy Victoria The Role and Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in the Modulation and Delivery of Cytokines during Autoimmunity |
title | The Role and Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in the Modulation and Delivery of Cytokines during Autoimmunity |
title_full | The Role and Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in the Modulation and Delivery of Cytokines during Autoimmunity |
title_fullStr | The Role and Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in the Modulation and Delivery of Cytokines during Autoimmunity |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role and Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in the Modulation and Delivery of Cytokines during Autoimmunity |
title_short | The Role and Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in the Modulation and Delivery of Cytokines during Autoimmunity |
title_sort | role and impact of extracellular vesicles in the modulation and delivery of cytokines during autoimmunity |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7584003/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32993051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197096 |
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