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Gene flow relates to evolutionary divergence among populations at the range margin

BACKGROUND: Morphological differentiation between populations resulting from local adaptations to environmental conditions is likely to be more pronounced in populations with increasing genetic isolation. In a previous study a positive clinal variation in body size was observed in isolated Roesel’s...

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Autores principales: Kaňuch, Peter, Kiehl, Berrit, Cassel-Lundhagen, Anna, Laugen, Ane T., Low, Matthew, Berggren, Åsa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7585721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33150060
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10036
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author Kaňuch, Peter
Kiehl, Berrit
Cassel-Lundhagen, Anna
Laugen, Ane T.
Low, Matthew
Berggren, Åsa
author_facet Kaňuch, Peter
Kiehl, Berrit
Cassel-Lundhagen, Anna
Laugen, Ane T.
Low, Matthew
Berggren, Åsa
author_sort Kaňuch, Peter
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Morphological differentiation between populations resulting from local adaptations to environmental conditions is likely to be more pronounced in populations with increasing genetic isolation. In a previous study a positive clinal variation in body size was observed in isolated Roesel’s bush-cricket, Metrioptera roeselii, populations, but were absent from populations within a continuous distribution at the same latitudinal range. This observational study inferred that there was a phenotypic effect of gene flow on climate-induced selection in this species. METHODS: To disentangle genetic versus environmental drivers of population differences in morphology, we measured the size of four different body traits in wild-caught individuals from the two most distinct latitudinally-matched pairs of populations occurring at about 60°N latitude in northern Europe, characterised by either restricted or continuous gene flow, and corresponding individuals raised under laboratory conditions. RESULTS: Individuals that originated from the genetically isolated populations were always bigger (femur, pronotum and genital appendages) when compared to individuals from latitudinally-matched areas characterised by continuous gene flow between populations. The magnitude of this effect was similar for wild-caught and laboratory-reared individuals. We found that previously observed size cline variation in both male and female crickets was likely to be the result of local genetic adaptation rather than phenotypic plasticity. CONCLUSIONS: This strongly suggests that restricted gene flow is of major importance for frequencies of alleles that participate in climate-induced selection acting to favour larger phenotypes in isolated populations towards colder latitudes.
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spelling pubmed-75857212020-11-03 Gene flow relates to evolutionary divergence among populations at the range margin Kaňuch, Peter Kiehl, Berrit Cassel-Lundhagen, Anna Laugen, Ane T. Low, Matthew Berggren, Åsa PeerJ Ecology BACKGROUND: Morphological differentiation between populations resulting from local adaptations to environmental conditions is likely to be more pronounced in populations with increasing genetic isolation. In a previous study a positive clinal variation in body size was observed in isolated Roesel’s bush-cricket, Metrioptera roeselii, populations, but were absent from populations within a continuous distribution at the same latitudinal range. This observational study inferred that there was a phenotypic effect of gene flow on climate-induced selection in this species. METHODS: To disentangle genetic versus environmental drivers of population differences in morphology, we measured the size of four different body traits in wild-caught individuals from the two most distinct latitudinally-matched pairs of populations occurring at about 60°N latitude in northern Europe, characterised by either restricted or continuous gene flow, and corresponding individuals raised under laboratory conditions. RESULTS: Individuals that originated from the genetically isolated populations were always bigger (femur, pronotum and genital appendages) when compared to individuals from latitudinally-matched areas characterised by continuous gene flow between populations. The magnitude of this effect was similar for wild-caught and laboratory-reared individuals. We found that previously observed size cline variation in both male and female crickets was likely to be the result of local genetic adaptation rather than phenotypic plasticity. CONCLUSIONS: This strongly suggests that restricted gene flow is of major importance for frequencies of alleles that participate in climate-induced selection acting to favour larger phenotypes in isolated populations towards colder latitudes. PeerJ Inc. 2020-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7585721/ /pubmed/33150060 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10036 Text en © 2020 Kaňuch et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Ecology
Kaňuch, Peter
Kiehl, Berrit
Cassel-Lundhagen, Anna
Laugen, Ane T.
Low, Matthew
Berggren, Åsa
Gene flow relates to evolutionary divergence among populations at the range margin
title Gene flow relates to evolutionary divergence among populations at the range margin
title_full Gene flow relates to evolutionary divergence among populations at the range margin
title_fullStr Gene flow relates to evolutionary divergence among populations at the range margin
title_full_unstemmed Gene flow relates to evolutionary divergence among populations at the range margin
title_short Gene flow relates to evolutionary divergence among populations at the range margin
title_sort gene flow relates to evolutionary divergence among populations at the range margin
topic Ecology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7585721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33150060
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10036
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