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Sulfamethoxazole Removal from Drinking Water by Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Diffusion Process

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a pharmaceutical residue, which is persistent and mobile in soils, shows low biodegradability, and is frequently found in the different aquatic compartments, can be found at very low concentrations in water intended for human consumption. In conditions compatible with industr...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: BIZI, Mohamed
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7587352/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066051
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204656
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author BIZI, Mohamed
author_facet BIZI, Mohamed
author_sort BIZI, Mohamed
collection PubMed
description Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a pharmaceutical residue, which is persistent and mobile in soils, shows low biodegradability, and is frequently found in the different aquatic compartments, can be found at very low concentrations in water intended for human consumption. In conditions compatible with industrial practices, the kinetic reactivity and performance of tap water purification using activated carbon powder (ACP) are examined here using two extreme mass ratios of SMX to ACP: 2 µg/L and 2 mg/L of SMX for only 10 mg/L of ACP. In response to surface chemistry, ACP texture and the intrinsic properties of SMX in water at a pH of 8.1, four kinetic models, and two monosolute equilibrium models showed a total purification of the 2 µg/L of SMX, the presence of energetic heterogeneity of surface adsorption of ACP, rapid kinetics compatible with the residence times of industrial water treatment processes, and kinetics affected by intraparticle diffusion. The adsorption mechanisms proposed are physical mechanisms based mainly on π–π dispersion interactions and electrostatic interactions by SMX(−)/Divalent cation/ArO(−) and SMX(−)/Divalent cation/ArCOO(−) bridging. Adsorption in tap water, also an innovative element of this study, shows that ACP is very efficient for the purification of very slightly polluted water.
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spelling pubmed-75873522020-10-29 Sulfamethoxazole Removal from Drinking Water by Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Diffusion Process BIZI, Mohamed Molecules Article Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a pharmaceutical residue, which is persistent and mobile in soils, shows low biodegradability, and is frequently found in the different aquatic compartments, can be found at very low concentrations in water intended for human consumption. In conditions compatible with industrial practices, the kinetic reactivity and performance of tap water purification using activated carbon powder (ACP) are examined here using two extreme mass ratios of SMX to ACP: 2 µg/L and 2 mg/L of SMX for only 10 mg/L of ACP. In response to surface chemistry, ACP texture and the intrinsic properties of SMX in water at a pH of 8.1, four kinetic models, and two monosolute equilibrium models showed a total purification of the 2 µg/L of SMX, the presence of energetic heterogeneity of surface adsorption of ACP, rapid kinetics compatible with the residence times of industrial water treatment processes, and kinetics affected by intraparticle diffusion. The adsorption mechanisms proposed are physical mechanisms based mainly on π–π dispersion interactions and electrostatic interactions by SMX(−)/Divalent cation/ArO(−) and SMX(−)/Divalent cation/ArCOO(−) bridging. Adsorption in tap water, also an innovative element of this study, shows that ACP is very efficient for the purification of very slightly polluted water. MDPI 2020-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7587352/ /pubmed/33066051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204656 Text en © 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
BIZI, Mohamed
Sulfamethoxazole Removal from Drinking Water by Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Diffusion Process
title Sulfamethoxazole Removal from Drinking Water by Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Diffusion Process
title_full Sulfamethoxazole Removal from Drinking Water by Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Diffusion Process
title_fullStr Sulfamethoxazole Removal from Drinking Water by Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Diffusion Process
title_full_unstemmed Sulfamethoxazole Removal from Drinking Water by Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Diffusion Process
title_short Sulfamethoxazole Removal from Drinking Water by Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Diffusion Process
title_sort sulfamethoxazole removal from drinking water by activated carbon: kinetics and diffusion process
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7587352/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066051
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204656
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