Hydration/Dehydration Behavior of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Ether in Aqueous Solution

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HeC) maintains high water solubility over a wide temperature range even in a high temperature region where other nonionic chemically modified cellulose ethers, such as methyl cellulose (MC) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HpMC), demonstrate cloud points. In order to clarify the reason for the high solubility of HeC, the temperature dependence of the hydration number per glucopyranose unit, n(H), for the HeC samples was examined by using extremely high frequency dielectric spectrum measuring techniques up to 50 GHz over a temperature range from 10 to 70 °C. HeC samples with a molar substitution number (MS) per glucopyranose unit by hydroxyethyl groups ranging from 1.3 to 3.6 were examined in this study. All HeC samples dissolve into water over the examined temperature range and did not show their cloud points. The value of n(H) for the HeC sample possessing the MS of 1.3 was 14 at 20 °C and decreased gently with increasing temperature and declined to 10 at 70 °C. The n(H) values of the HeC samples are substantially larger than the minimum critical n(H) value of ca. 5 necessary to be dissolved into water for cellulose ethers such as MC and HpMC, even in a high temperature range. Then, the HeC molecules possess water solubility over the wide temperature range. The temperature dependence of n(H) for the HeC samples and triethyleneglycol, which is a model compound for substitution groups of HeC, is gentle and they are similar to each other. This observation strongly suggests that the hydration/dehydration behavior of the HeC samples was essentially controlled by that of their substitution groups.