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Exploring aflatoxin contamination and household-level exposure risk in diverse Indian food systems

The present study sought to identify household risk factors associated with aflatoxin contamination within and across diverse Indian food systems and to evaluate their utility in risk modeling. Samples (n = 595) of cereals, pulses, and oil seeds were collected from 160 households across four diverse...

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Autores principales: Wenndt, Anthony, Sudini, Hari Kishan, Pingali, Prabhu, Nelson, Rebecca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7588076/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33104713
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240565
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author Wenndt, Anthony
Sudini, Hari Kishan
Pingali, Prabhu
Nelson, Rebecca
author_facet Wenndt, Anthony
Sudini, Hari Kishan
Pingali, Prabhu
Nelson, Rebecca
author_sort Wenndt, Anthony
collection PubMed
description The present study sought to identify household risk factors associated with aflatoxin contamination within and across diverse Indian food systems and to evaluate their utility in risk modeling. Samples (n = 595) of cereals, pulses, and oil seeds were collected from 160 households across four diverse districts of India and analyzed for aflatoxin B1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic information, food and cropping systems, food management behaviors, and storage environments were profiled for each household. An aflatoxin detection risk index was developed based on household-level features and validated using a repeated 5-fold cross-validation approach. Across districts, between 30–80% of households yielded at least one contaminated sample. Aflatoxin B1 detection rates and mean contamination levels were highest in groundnut and maize, respectively, and lower in other crops. Landholding had a positive univariate effect on household aflatoxin detection, while storage conditions, product source, and the number of protective behaviors used by households did not show significant effects. Presence of groundnut, post-harvest grain washing, use of sack-based storage systems, and cultivation status (farming or non-farming) were identified as the most contributive variables in stepwise logistic regression and were used to generate a household-level risk index. The index had moderate classification accuracy (68% sensitivity and 62% specificity) and significantly correlated with village-wise aflatoxin detection rates. Spatial analysis revealed utility of the index for identifying at-risk localities and households. This study identified several key features associated with aflatoxin contamination in Indian food systems and demonstrated that household characteristics are substantially predictive of aflatoxin risk.
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spelling pubmed-75880762020-10-30 Exploring aflatoxin contamination and household-level exposure risk in diverse Indian food systems Wenndt, Anthony Sudini, Hari Kishan Pingali, Prabhu Nelson, Rebecca PLoS One Research Article The present study sought to identify household risk factors associated with aflatoxin contamination within and across diverse Indian food systems and to evaluate their utility in risk modeling. Samples (n = 595) of cereals, pulses, and oil seeds were collected from 160 households across four diverse districts of India and analyzed for aflatoxin B1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic information, food and cropping systems, food management behaviors, and storage environments were profiled for each household. An aflatoxin detection risk index was developed based on household-level features and validated using a repeated 5-fold cross-validation approach. Across districts, between 30–80% of households yielded at least one contaminated sample. Aflatoxin B1 detection rates and mean contamination levels were highest in groundnut and maize, respectively, and lower in other crops. Landholding had a positive univariate effect on household aflatoxin detection, while storage conditions, product source, and the number of protective behaviors used by households did not show significant effects. Presence of groundnut, post-harvest grain washing, use of sack-based storage systems, and cultivation status (farming or non-farming) were identified as the most contributive variables in stepwise logistic regression and were used to generate a household-level risk index. The index had moderate classification accuracy (68% sensitivity and 62% specificity) and significantly correlated with village-wise aflatoxin detection rates. Spatial analysis revealed utility of the index for identifying at-risk localities and households. This study identified several key features associated with aflatoxin contamination in Indian food systems and demonstrated that household characteristics are substantially predictive of aflatoxin risk. Public Library of Science 2020-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7588076/ /pubmed/33104713 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240565 Text en © 2020 Wenndt et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wenndt, Anthony
Sudini, Hari Kishan
Pingali, Prabhu
Nelson, Rebecca
Exploring aflatoxin contamination and household-level exposure risk in diverse Indian food systems
title Exploring aflatoxin contamination and household-level exposure risk in diverse Indian food systems
title_full Exploring aflatoxin contamination and household-level exposure risk in diverse Indian food systems
title_fullStr Exploring aflatoxin contamination and household-level exposure risk in diverse Indian food systems
title_full_unstemmed Exploring aflatoxin contamination and household-level exposure risk in diverse Indian food systems
title_short Exploring aflatoxin contamination and household-level exposure risk in diverse Indian food systems
title_sort exploring aflatoxin contamination and household-level exposure risk in diverse indian food systems
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7588076/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33104713
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240565
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