Two-Tier PSO Based Data Routing Employing Bayesian Compressive Sensing in Underwater Sensor Networks

Underwater acoustic sensor networks play an important role in assisting humans to explore information under the sea. In this work, we consider the combination of sensor selection and data routing in three dimensional underwater wireless sensor networks based on Bayesian compressive sensing and particle swarm optimization. The algorithm we proposed is a two-tier PSO approach. In the first tier, a PSO-based clustering protocol is proposed to synthetically consider the energy consumption and uniformity of cluster head distribution. Then in the second tier, a PSO-based routing protocol is proposed to implement inner-cluster one-hop routing and outer-cluster multi-hop routing. The nodes selected to constitute i-th effective routing path decide which positions in the i-th row of the measurement matrix are nonzero. As a result, in this tier the protocol comprehensively considers energy efficiency, network balance and data recovery quality. The Bayesian Cramér-Rao Bound (BCRB) in such a case is analyzed and added in the fitness function to monitor the mean square error of the reconstructed signal. The experimental results validate that our algorithm maintains a longer life time and postpones the appearance of the first dead node while keeps the reconstruction error lower compared with the cutting-edge algorithms which are also based on distributed multi-hop compressive sensing approaches.