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MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis

The Myc family of oncogenes is deregulated in many types of cancer, and their over-expression is often correlated with poor prognosis. The Myc family members are transcription factors that can coordinate the expression of thousands of genes. Among them, c-Myc (MYC) is the gene most strongly associat...

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Autores principales: Meškytė, Erna Marija, Keskas, Sabiha, Ciribilli, Yari
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589112/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33081056
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207710
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author Meškytė, Erna Marija
Keskas, Sabiha
Ciribilli, Yari
author_facet Meškytė, Erna Marija
Keskas, Sabiha
Ciribilli, Yari
author_sort Meškytė, Erna Marija
collection PubMed
description The Myc family of oncogenes is deregulated in many types of cancer, and their over-expression is often correlated with poor prognosis. The Myc family members are transcription factors that can coordinate the expression of thousands of genes. Among them, c-Myc (MYC) is the gene most strongly associated with cancer, and it is the focus of this review. It regulates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, self-renewal, survival, metabolism, protein synthesis, and apoptosis. More recently, novel studies have shown that MYC plays a role not only in tumor initiation and growth but also has a broader spectrum of functions in tumor progression. MYC contributes to angiogenesis, immune evasion, invasion, and migration, which all lead to distant metastasis. Moreover, MYC is able to promote tumor growth and aggressiveness by recruiting stromal and tumor-infiltrating cells. In this review, we will dissect all of these novel functions and their involvement in the crosstalk between tumor and host, which have demonstrated that MYC is undoubtedly the master regulator of the tumor microenvironment. In sum, a better understanding of MYC’s role in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis development is crucial in proposing novel and effective cancer treatment strategies.
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spelling pubmed-75891122020-10-29 MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis Meškytė, Erna Marija Keskas, Sabiha Ciribilli, Yari Int J Mol Sci Review The Myc family of oncogenes is deregulated in many types of cancer, and their over-expression is often correlated with poor prognosis. The Myc family members are transcription factors that can coordinate the expression of thousands of genes. Among them, c-Myc (MYC) is the gene most strongly associated with cancer, and it is the focus of this review. It regulates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, self-renewal, survival, metabolism, protein synthesis, and apoptosis. More recently, novel studies have shown that MYC plays a role not only in tumor initiation and growth but also has a broader spectrum of functions in tumor progression. MYC contributes to angiogenesis, immune evasion, invasion, and migration, which all lead to distant metastasis. Moreover, MYC is able to promote tumor growth and aggressiveness by recruiting stromal and tumor-infiltrating cells. In this review, we will dissect all of these novel functions and their involvement in the crosstalk between tumor and host, which have demonstrated that MYC is undoubtedly the master regulator of the tumor microenvironment. In sum, a better understanding of MYC’s role in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis development is crucial in proposing novel and effective cancer treatment strategies. MDPI 2020-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7589112/ /pubmed/33081056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207710 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Meškytė, Erna Marija
Keskas, Sabiha
Ciribilli, Yari
MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis
title MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis
title_full MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis
title_fullStr MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis
title_full_unstemmed MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis
title_short MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis
title_sort myc as a multifaceted regulator of tumor microenvironment leading to metastasis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589112/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33081056
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207710
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