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System-Based Approaches to Delineate the Antiviral Innate Immune Landscape

Viruses pose substantial challenges for society, economy, healthcare systems, and research. Their distinctive pathologies are based on specific interactions with cellular factors. In order to develop new antiviral treatments, it is of central importance to understand how viruses interact with their...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Krey, Karsten, Babnis, Aleksandra W., Pichlmair, Andreas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589202/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33096788
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12101196
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author Krey, Karsten
Babnis, Aleksandra W.
Pichlmair, Andreas
author_facet Krey, Karsten
Babnis, Aleksandra W.
Pichlmair, Andreas
author_sort Krey, Karsten
collection PubMed
description Viruses pose substantial challenges for society, economy, healthcare systems, and research. Their distinctive pathologies are based on specific interactions with cellular factors. In order to develop new antiviral treatments, it is of central importance to understand how viruses interact with their host and how infected cells react to the virus on a molecular level. Invading viruses are commonly sensed by components of the innate immune system, which is composed of a highly effective yet complex network of proteins that, in most cases, mediate efficient virus inhibition. Central to this process is the activity of interferons and other cytokines that coordinate the antiviral response. So far, numerous methods have been used to identify how viruses interact with cellular processes and revealed that the innate immune response is highly complex and involves interferon-stimulated genes and their binding partners as functional factors. Novel approaches and careful experimental design, combined with large-scale, high-throughput methods and cutting-edge analysis pipelines, have to be utilized to delineate the antiviral innate immune landscape at a global level. In this review, we describe different currently used screening approaches, how they contributed to our knowledge on virus–host interactions, and essential considerations that have to be taken into account when planning such experiments.
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spelling pubmed-75892022020-10-29 System-Based Approaches to Delineate the Antiviral Innate Immune Landscape Krey, Karsten Babnis, Aleksandra W. Pichlmair, Andreas Viruses Review Viruses pose substantial challenges for society, economy, healthcare systems, and research. Their distinctive pathologies are based on specific interactions with cellular factors. In order to develop new antiviral treatments, it is of central importance to understand how viruses interact with their host and how infected cells react to the virus on a molecular level. Invading viruses are commonly sensed by components of the innate immune system, which is composed of a highly effective yet complex network of proteins that, in most cases, mediate efficient virus inhibition. Central to this process is the activity of interferons and other cytokines that coordinate the antiviral response. So far, numerous methods have been used to identify how viruses interact with cellular processes and revealed that the innate immune response is highly complex and involves interferon-stimulated genes and their binding partners as functional factors. Novel approaches and careful experimental design, combined with large-scale, high-throughput methods and cutting-edge analysis pipelines, have to be utilized to delineate the antiviral innate immune landscape at a global level. In this review, we describe different currently used screening approaches, how they contributed to our knowledge on virus–host interactions, and essential considerations that have to be taken into account when planning such experiments. MDPI 2020-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7589202/ /pubmed/33096788 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12101196 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Krey, Karsten
Babnis, Aleksandra W.
Pichlmair, Andreas
System-Based Approaches to Delineate the Antiviral Innate Immune Landscape
title System-Based Approaches to Delineate the Antiviral Innate Immune Landscape
title_full System-Based Approaches to Delineate the Antiviral Innate Immune Landscape
title_fullStr System-Based Approaches to Delineate the Antiviral Innate Immune Landscape
title_full_unstemmed System-Based Approaches to Delineate the Antiviral Innate Immune Landscape
title_short System-Based Approaches to Delineate the Antiviral Innate Immune Landscape
title_sort system-based approaches to delineate the antiviral innate immune landscape
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589202/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33096788
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12101196
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