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Globoids and Phytase: The Mineral Storage and Release System in Seeds

Phytate and phytases in seeds are the subjects of numerous studies, dating back as far as the early 20th century. Most of these studies concern the anti-nutritional properties of phytate, and the prospect of alleviating the effects of phytate with phytase. As reasonable as this may be, it has led to...

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Autores principales: Madsen, Claus Krogh, Brinch-Pedersen, Henrik
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589363/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053867
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207519
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author Madsen, Claus Krogh
Brinch-Pedersen, Henrik
author_facet Madsen, Claus Krogh
Brinch-Pedersen, Henrik
author_sort Madsen, Claus Krogh
collection PubMed
description Phytate and phytases in seeds are the subjects of numerous studies, dating back as far as the early 20th century. Most of these studies concern the anti-nutritional properties of phytate, and the prospect of alleviating the effects of phytate with phytase. As reasonable as this may be, it has led to a fragmentation of knowledge, which hampers the appreciation of the physiological system at hand. In this review, we integrate the existing knowledge on the chemistry and biosynthesis of phytate, the globoid cellular structure, and recent advances on plant phytases. We highlight that these components make up a system that serves to store and—in due time—release the seed’s reserves of the mineral nutrients phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, and others, as well as inositol and protein. The central component of the system, the phytate anion, is inherently rich in phosphorous and inositol. The chemical properties of phytate enable it to sequester additional cationic nutrients. Compartmentalization and membrane transport processes regulate the buildup of phytate and its associated nutrients, resulting in globoid storage structures. We suggest, based on the current evidence, that the degradation of the globoid and the mobilization of the nutrients also depend on membrane transport processes, as well as the enzymatic action of phytase.
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spelling pubmed-75893632020-10-29 Globoids and Phytase: The Mineral Storage and Release System in Seeds Madsen, Claus Krogh Brinch-Pedersen, Henrik Int J Mol Sci Review Phytate and phytases in seeds are the subjects of numerous studies, dating back as far as the early 20th century. Most of these studies concern the anti-nutritional properties of phytate, and the prospect of alleviating the effects of phytate with phytase. As reasonable as this may be, it has led to a fragmentation of knowledge, which hampers the appreciation of the physiological system at hand. In this review, we integrate the existing knowledge on the chemistry and biosynthesis of phytate, the globoid cellular structure, and recent advances on plant phytases. We highlight that these components make up a system that serves to store and—in due time—release the seed’s reserves of the mineral nutrients phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, and others, as well as inositol and protein. The central component of the system, the phytate anion, is inherently rich in phosphorous and inositol. The chemical properties of phytate enable it to sequester additional cationic nutrients. Compartmentalization and membrane transport processes regulate the buildup of phytate and its associated nutrients, resulting in globoid storage structures. We suggest, based on the current evidence, that the degradation of the globoid and the mobilization of the nutrients also depend on membrane transport processes, as well as the enzymatic action of phytase. MDPI 2020-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7589363/ /pubmed/33053867 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207519 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Madsen, Claus Krogh
Brinch-Pedersen, Henrik
Globoids and Phytase: The Mineral Storage and Release System in Seeds
title Globoids and Phytase: The Mineral Storage and Release System in Seeds
title_full Globoids and Phytase: The Mineral Storage and Release System in Seeds
title_fullStr Globoids and Phytase: The Mineral Storage and Release System in Seeds
title_full_unstemmed Globoids and Phytase: The Mineral Storage and Release System in Seeds
title_short Globoids and Phytase: The Mineral Storage and Release System in Seeds
title_sort globoids and phytase: the mineral storage and release system in seeds
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589363/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053867
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207519
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