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Novel Molecular Markers in Glioblastoma—Benefits of Liquid Biopsy

Glioblastoma is a primary Central Nervous System (CNS) malignancy with poor survival. Treatment options are scarce and despite the extremely heterogeneous nature of the disease, clinicians lack prognostic and predictive markers to characterize patients with different outcomes. Certain immunohistoche...

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Autores principales: Birkó, Zsuzsanna, Nagy, Bálint, Klekner, Álmos, Virga, József
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053907
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207522
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author Birkó, Zsuzsanna
Nagy, Bálint
Klekner, Álmos
Virga, József
author_facet Birkó, Zsuzsanna
Nagy, Bálint
Klekner, Álmos
Virga, József
author_sort Birkó, Zsuzsanna
collection PubMed
description Glioblastoma is a primary Central Nervous System (CNS) malignancy with poor survival. Treatment options are scarce and despite the extremely heterogeneous nature of the disease, clinicians lack prognostic and predictive markers to characterize patients with different outcomes. Certain immunohistochemistry, FISH, or PCR-based molecular markers, including isocitrate dehydrogenase1/2 (IDH1/2) mutations, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) mutation, vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression (VEGF) overexpression, or (O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter) MGMT promoter methylation status, are well-described; however, their clinical usefulness and accuracy is limited, and tumor tissue samples are always necessary. Liquid biopsy is a developing field of diagnostics and patient follow up in multiple types of cancer. Fragments of circulating nucleic acids are collected in various forms from different bodily fluids, including serum, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid in order to measure the quality and quantity of these markers. Multiple types of nucleic acids can be analyzed using liquid biopsy. Circulating cell-free DNA, mitochondrial DNA, or the more stable long and small non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, or microRNAs can be identified and measured by novel PCR and next-generation sequencing-based methods. These markers can be used to detect the previously described alterations in a minimally invasive method. These markers can be used to differentiate patients with poor or better prognosis, or to identify patients who do not respond to therapy. Liquid biopsy can be used to detect recurrent disease, often earlier than using imaging modalities. Liquid biopsy is a rapidly developing field, and similarly to other types of cancer, measuring circulating tumor-derived nucleic acids from biological fluid samples could be the future of differential diagnostics, patient stratification, and follow up in the future in glioblastoma as well.
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spelling pubmed-75897932020-10-29 Novel Molecular Markers in Glioblastoma—Benefits of Liquid Biopsy Birkó, Zsuzsanna Nagy, Bálint Klekner, Álmos Virga, József Int J Mol Sci Review Glioblastoma is a primary Central Nervous System (CNS) malignancy with poor survival. Treatment options are scarce and despite the extremely heterogeneous nature of the disease, clinicians lack prognostic and predictive markers to characterize patients with different outcomes. Certain immunohistochemistry, FISH, or PCR-based molecular markers, including isocitrate dehydrogenase1/2 (IDH1/2) mutations, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) mutation, vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression (VEGF) overexpression, or (O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter) MGMT promoter methylation status, are well-described; however, their clinical usefulness and accuracy is limited, and tumor tissue samples are always necessary. Liquid biopsy is a developing field of diagnostics and patient follow up in multiple types of cancer. Fragments of circulating nucleic acids are collected in various forms from different bodily fluids, including serum, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid in order to measure the quality and quantity of these markers. Multiple types of nucleic acids can be analyzed using liquid biopsy. Circulating cell-free DNA, mitochondrial DNA, or the more stable long and small non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, or microRNAs can be identified and measured by novel PCR and next-generation sequencing-based methods. These markers can be used to detect the previously described alterations in a minimally invasive method. These markers can be used to differentiate patients with poor or better prognosis, or to identify patients who do not respond to therapy. Liquid biopsy can be used to detect recurrent disease, often earlier than using imaging modalities. Liquid biopsy is a rapidly developing field, and similarly to other types of cancer, measuring circulating tumor-derived nucleic acids from biological fluid samples could be the future of differential diagnostics, patient stratification, and follow up in the future in glioblastoma as well. MDPI 2020-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7589793/ /pubmed/33053907 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207522 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Birkó, Zsuzsanna
Nagy, Bálint
Klekner, Álmos
Virga, József
Novel Molecular Markers in Glioblastoma—Benefits of Liquid Biopsy
title Novel Molecular Markers in Glioblastoma—Benefits of Liquid Biopsy
title_full Novel Molecular Markers in Glioblastoma—Benefits of Liquid Biopsy
title_fullStr Novel Molecular Markers in Glioblastoma—Benefits of Liquid Biopsy
title_full_unstemmed Novel Molecular Markers in Glioblastoma—Benefits of Liquid Biopsy
title_short Novel Molecular Markers in Glioblastoma—Benefits of Liquid Biopsy
title_sort novel molecular markers in glioblastoma—benefits of liquid biopsy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053907
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207522
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