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Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of Harighal, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
BACKGROUND: The present study is the first quantitative ethnobotanical evaluation of Harighal, an inaccessible and unexplored area of District Bagh Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK). The exploration, quantification, and comparison of ethnobotanical knowledge among different rural communities of the stu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7590686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33109243 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00417-w |
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author | Amjad, Muhammad Shoaib Zahoor, Ujala Bussmann, Rainer W. Altaf, Muhammad Gardazi, Syed Mubashar Hussain Abbasi, Arshad Mehmood |
author_facet | Amjad, Muhammad Shoaib Zahoor, Ujala Bussmann, Rainer W. Altaf, Muhammad Gardazi, Syed Mubashar Hussain Abbasi, Arshad Mehmood |
author_sort | Amjad, Muhammad Shoaib |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The present study is the first quantitative ethnobotanical evaluation of Harighal, an inaccessible and unexplored area of District Bagh Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK). The exploration, quantification, and comparison of ethnobotanical knowledge among different rural communities of the study area were mainly focused during field survey. METHODOLOGY: In total, 79 informants (49 men and 34 women) were selected randomly to collect data using a semi-structured questionnaire. Various quantitative indices, including use value, relative frequency of citation, relative importance, fidelity level, and informant consent factor, were employed to evaluate the gathered information. Furthermore, primary data were also compared with twenty-two papers published from adjoining areas. RESULT: A total of 150 medicinal plants belonging to 98 genera and 60 families were documented. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rosaceae were the dominant families having 15 species each. Of these, 76 species were indigenous, 74 exotic, 136 were collected in the wild, 10 cultivated, and 4 both wild-collected and cultivated. Herbaceous taxa were the most used life form, and leaves were the most exploited plant part. Decoctions were the most preferred method used in preparation of herbal recipes. Three species viz. Mentha longifolia, Berberis lycium, and Galium aparine had the highest use value (1.05), relative frequency of citation (0.81), and relative importance value (96), respectively. The highest informant consensus factor (ICF) was reported for digestive disorders. Mentha longifolia, Punica granatum, Zanthoxylum alatum, and Olea ferruginea had 100% fidelity values. The Jaccard index revealed that uses of plants were more similar in two neighboring areas, i.e., Pearl Valley and Toli Peer. CONCLUSION: Local inhabitants still prioritize herbal medicines as an effective way to treat a wide variety of ailments. Elders and health practitioners of the study area are well aware of indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants, but young people are not much interested in herbal practices. Thus, valuable knowledge about the use of plants is on the verge of decline. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7590686 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75906862020-10-27 Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of Harighal, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan Amjad, Muhammad Shoaib Zahoor, Ujala Bussmann, Rainer W. Altaf, Muhammad Gardazi, Syed Mubashar Hussain Abbasi, Arshad Mehmood J Ethnobiol Ethnomed Research BACKGROUND: The present study is the first quantitative ethnobotanical evaluation of Harighal, an inaccessible and unexplored area of District Bagh Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK). The exploration, quantification, and comparison of ethnobotanical knowledge among different rural communities of the study area were mainly focused during field survey. METHODOLOGY: In total, 79 informants (49 men and 34 women) were selected randomly to collect data using a semi-structured questionnaire. Various quantitative indices, including use value, relative frequency of citation, relative importance, fidelity level, and informant consent factor, were employed to evaluate the gathered information. Furthermore, primary data were also compared with twenty-two papers published from adjoining areas. RESULT: A total of 150 medicinal plants belonging to 98 genera and 60 families were documented. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rosaceae were the dominant families having 15 species each. Of these, 76 species were indigenous, 74 exotic, 136 were collected in the wild, 10 cultivated, and 4 both wild-collected and cultivated. Herbaceous taxa were the most used life form, and leaves were the most exploited plant part. Decoctions were the most preferred method used in preparation of herbal recipes. Three species viz. Mentha longifolia, Berberis lycium, and Galium aparine had the highest use value (1.05), relative frequency of citation (0.81), and relative importance value (96), respectively. The highest informant consensus factor (ICF) was reported for digestive disorders. Mentha longifolia, Punica granatum, Zanthoxylum alatum, and Olea ferruginea had 100% fidelity values. The Jaccard index revealed that uses of plants were more similar in two neighboring areas, i.e., Pearl Valley and Toli Peer. CONCLUSION: Local inhabitants still prioritize herbal medicines as an effective way to treat a wide variety of ailments. Elders and health practitioners of the study area are well aware of indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants, but young people are not much interested in herbal practices. Thus, valuable knowledge about the use of plants is on the verge of decline. BioMed Central 2020-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7590686/ /pubmed/33109243 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00417-w Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Amjad, Muhammad Shoaib Zahoor, Ujala Bussmann, Rainer W. Altaf, Muhammad Gardazi, Syed Mubashar Hussain Abbasi, Arshad Mehmood Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of Harighal, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan |
title | Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of Harighal, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan |
title_full | Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of Harighal, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan |
title_fullStr | Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of Harighal, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed | Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of Harighal, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan |
title_short | Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of Harighal, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan |
title_sort | ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of harighal, azad jammu & kashmir, pakistan |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7590686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33109243 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00417-w |
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