Genomic Features of a Food-Derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain PAEM and Biofilm-Associated Gene Expression under a Marine Bacterial α-Galactosidase

The biofilm-producing strains of P. aeruginosa colonize various surfaces, including food products and industry equipment that can cause serious human and animal health problems. The biofilms enable microorganisms to evolve the resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. Analysis of the P. aeruginosa strain (serotype O6, sequence type 2502), isolated from an environment of meat processing (PAEM) during a ready-to-cook product storage (−20 °C), showed both the mosaic similarity and differences between free-living and clinical strains by their coding DNA sequences. Therefore, a cold shock protein (CspA) has been suggested for consideration of the evolution probability of the cold-adapted P. aeruginosa strains. In addition, the study of the action of cold-active enzymes from marine bacteria against the food-derived pathogen could contribute to the methods for controlling P. aeruginosa biofilms. The genes responsible for bacterial biofilm regulation are predominantly controlled by quorum sensing, and they directly or indirectly participate in the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides, which are the main element of the intercellular matrix. The levels of expression for 14 biofilm-associated genes of the food-derived P. aeruginosa strain PAEM in the presence of different concentrations of the glycoside hydrolase of family 36, α-galactosidase α-PsGal, from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. KMM 701 were determined. The real-time PCR data clustered these genes into five groups according to the pattern of positive or negative regulation of their expression in response to the action of α-galactosidase. The results revealed a dose-dependent mechanism of the enzymatic effect on the PAEM biofilm synthesis and dispersal genes.