A Systematic Review of the Clinical Efficacy of Treatments in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

INTRODUCTION: Novel treatment options are needed to improve outcomes in transplant-ineligible relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This systematic literature review evaluated clinical evidence on treatments for patients with R/R DLBCL ineligible for, or relapsed following, stem cell transplantation. METHODS: We assessed the feasibility of conducting an indirect treatment comparison (ITC) or network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of polatuzumab vedotin in combination with bendamustine + rituximab versus other relevant treatments. RESULTS: Thirty-seven studies were identified, of which 20 were eligible [seven randomized, controlled trials (RCTs); 13 observational/single-arm trials]. Due to a lack of RCTs, an ITC/NMA summary of the relative efficacy and safety of the treatment options was not possible. Only two of the seven RCTs had positive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the paucity of published RCTs to establish the comparative efficacy of treatments for transplant-ineligible R/R DLBCL and lack of standard of care in this setting. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12325-020-01507-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.