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Die Virologie von SARS-CoV-2
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has far-reaching effects on society, the economy and medical treatment. Therefore, it is all the more important to understand the characteristics of the virus and to utilize them in the diagnostics, treatment and epidemiology. Th...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Medizin
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7596808/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33144890 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11377-020-00482-3 |
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author | Hoehl, S. Ciesek, S. |
author_facet | Hoehl, S. Ciesek, S. |
author_sort | Hoehl, S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has far-reaching effects on society, the economy and medical treatment. Therefore, it is all the more important to understand the characteristics of the virus and to utilize them in the diagnostics, treatment and epidemiology. This article firstly elucidates the medical significance of coronaviruses in general. Then angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the binding site of SARS-CoV‑2 and the possible influence on disease susceptibility are explained. The gold standard for detection of an active SARS-CoV‑2 infection is the direct detection of the pathogen with nucleic acid amplification techniques. At the onset of symptoms a swab of the upper airway is especially suitable due to the high viral load. At a later stage direct detection can be achieved in samples from the lower airway or in stool and anal swabs. Antibody tests cannot replace the direct detection of the pathogen; however, the detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies is of special interest for epidemiological questions (seroconversion time of sometimes several weeks). The plaque reduction neutralization test exclusively detects antibodies which neutralize viruses but the procedure is complicated and can only be carried out in secure laboratories (L3). In addition, the importance of these antibodies with respect to immunity against a second infection is uncertain. Thanks to modern techniques thousands of SARS-CoV‑2 sequences are already available, which show a genomic variability. The D614G mutation in the S spikes seems to cause a higher infectiousness. Mutations can impair the diagnostics and treatment, which makes monitoring necessary. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7596808 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer Medizin |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75968082020-10-30 Die Virologie von SARS-CoV-2 Hoehl, S. Ciesek, S. Gastroenterologe Schwerpunkt The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has far-reaching effects on society, the economy and medical treatment. Therefore, it is all the more important to understand the characteristics of the virus and to utilize them in the diagnostics, treatment and epidemiology. This article firstly elucidates the medical significance of coronaviruses in general. Then angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the binding site of SARS-CoV‑2 and the possible influence on disease susceptibility are explained. The gold standard for detection of an active SARS-CoV‑2 infection is the direct detection of the pathogen with nucleic acid amplification techniques. At the onset of symptoms a swab of the upper airway is especially suitable due to the high viral load. At a later stage direct detection can be achieved in samples from the lower airway or in stool and anal swabs. Antibody tests cannot replace the direct detection of the pathogen; however, the detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies is of special interest for epidemiological questions (seroconversion time of sometimes several weeks). The plaque reduction neutralization test exclusively detects antibodies which neutralize viruses but the procedure is complicated and can only be carried out in secure laboratories (L3). In addition, the importance of these antibodies with respect to immunity against a second infection is uncertain. Thanks to modern techniques thousands of SARS-CoV‑2 sequences are already available, which show a genomic variability. The D614G mutation in the S spikes seems to cause a higher infectiousness. Mutations can impair the diagnostics and treatment, which makes monitoring necessary. Springer Medizin 2020-10-30 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7596808/ /pubmed/33144890 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11377-020-00482-3 Text en © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2020 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Schwerpunkt Hoehl, S. Ciesek, S. Die Virologie von SARS-CoV-2 |
title | Die Virologie von SARS-CoV-2 |
title_full | Die Virologie von SARS-CoV-2 |
title_fullStr | Die Virologie von SARS-CoV-2 |
title_full_unstemmed | Die Virologie von SARS-CoV-2 |
title_short | Die Virologie von SARS-CoV-2 |
title_sort | die virologie von sars-cov-2 |
topic | Schwerpunkt |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7596808/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33144890 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11377-020-00482-3 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hoehls dievirologievonsarscov2 AT cieseks dievirologievonsarscov2 |