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Gray matter covariations and core symptoms of autism: the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project
BACKGROUND: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in autism spectrum disorder (autism) have yielded diverging results. This might partly be attributed to structural alterations being associating with the combined influence of several regions rather than with a single region. Further, these structura...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7596954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33126911 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00389-4 |
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author | Mei, Ting Llera, Alberto Floris, Dorothea L. Forde, Natalie J. Tillmann, Julian Durston, Sarah Moessnang, Carolin Banaschewski, Tobias Holt, Rosemary J. Baron-Cohen, Simon Rausch, Annika Loth, Eva Dell’Acqua, Flavio Charman, Tony Murphy, Declan G. M. Ecker, Christine Beckmann, Christian F. Buitelaar, Jan K. |
author_facet | Mei, Ting Llera, Alberto Floris, Dorothea L. Forde, Natalie J. Tillmann, Julian Durston, Sarah Moessnang, Carolin Banaschewski, Tobias Holt, Rosemary J. Baron-Cohen, Simon Rausch, Annika Loth, Eva Dell’Acqua, Flavio Charman, Tony Murphy, Declan G. M. Ecker, Christine Beckmann, Christian F. Buitelaar, Jan K. |
author_sort | Mei, Ting |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in autism spectrum disorder (autism) have yielded diverging results. This might partly be attributed to structural alterations being associating with the combined influence of several regions rather than with a single region. Further, these structural covariation differences may relate to continuous measures of autism rather than with categorical case–control contrasts. The current study aimed to identify structural covariation alterations in autism, and assessed canonical correlations between brain covariation patterns and core autism symptoms. METHODS: We studied 347 individuals with autism and 252 typically developing individuals, aged between 6 and 30 years, who have been deeply phenotyped in the Longitudinal European Autism Project. All participants’ VBM maps were decomposed into spatially independent components using independent component analysis. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to examine case–control differences. Next, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed to separately explore the integrated effects between all the brain sources of gray matter variation and two sets of core autism symptoms. RESULTS: GLM analyses showed significant case–control differences for two independent components. The first component was primarily associated with decreased density of bilateral insula, inferior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, and increased density of caudate nucleus in the autism group relative to typically developing individuals. The second component was related to decreased densities of the bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus in the autism group relative to typically developing individuals. The CCA results showed significant correlations between components that involved variation of thalamus, putamen, precentral gyrus, frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and the cerebellum, and repetitive, rigid and stereotyped behaviors and abnormal sensory behaviors in autism individuals. LIMITATIONS: Only 55.9% of the participants with autism had complete questionnaire data on continuous parent-reported symptom measures. CONCLUSIONS: Covaried areas associated with autism diagnosis and/or symptoms are scattered across the whole brain and include the limbic system, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, precentral gyrus, and parts of the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Some of these areas potentially subserve social-communicative behavior, whereas others may underpin sensory processing and integration, and motor behavior. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7596954 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75969542020-11-02 Gray matter covariations and core symptoms of autism: the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project Mei, Ting Llera, Alberto Floris, Dorothea L. Forde, Natalie J. Tillmann, Julian Durston, Sarah Moessnang, Carolin Banaschewski, Tobias Holt, Rosemary J. Baron-Cohen, Simon Rausch, Annika Loth, Eva Dell’Acqua, Flavio Charman, Tony Murphy, Declan G. M. Ecker, Christine Beckmann, Christian F. Buitelaar, Jan K. Mol Autism Research BACKGROUND: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in autism spectrum disorder (autism) have yielded diverging results. This might partly be attributed to structural alterations being associating with the combined influence of several regions rather than with a single region. Further, these structural covariation differences may relate to continuous measures of autism rather than with categorical case–control contrasts. The current study aimed to identify structural covariation alterations in autism, and assessed canonical correlations between brain covariation patterns and core autism symptoms. METHODS: We studied 347 individuals with autism and 252 typically developing individuals, aged between 6 and 30 years, who have been deeply phenotyped in the Longitudinal European Autism Project. All participants’ VBM maps were decomposed into spatially independent components using independent component analysis. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to examine case–control differences. Next, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed to separately explore the integrated effects between all the brain sources of gray matter variation and two sets of core autism symptoms. RESULTS: GLM analyses showed significant case–control differences for two independent components. The first component was primarily associated with decreased density of bilateral insula, inferior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, and increased density of caudate nucleus in the autism group relative to typically developing individuals. The second component was related to decreased densities of the bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus in the autism group relative to typically developing individuals. The CCA results showed significant correlations between components that involved variation of thalamus, putamen, precentral gyrus, frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and the cerebellum, and repetitive, rigid and stereotyped behaviors and abnormal sensory behaviors in autism individuals. LIMITATIONS: Only 55.9% of the participants with autism had complete questionnaire data on continuous parent-reported symptom measures. CONCLUSIONS: Covaried areas associated with autism diagnosis and/or symptoms are scattered across the whole brain and include the limbic system, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, precentral gyrus, and parts of the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Some of these areas potentially subserve social-communicative behavior, whereas others may underpin sensory processing and integration, and motor behavior. BioMed Central 2020-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7596954/ /pubmed/33126911 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00389-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Mei, Ting Llera, Alberto Floris, Dorothea L. Forde, Natalie J. Tillmann, Julian Durston, Sarah Moessnang, Carolin Banaschewski, Tobias Holt, Rosemary J. Baron-Cohen, Simon Rausch, Annika Loth, Eva Dell’Acqua, Flavio Charman, Tony Murphy, Declan G. M. Ecker, Christine Beckmann, Christian F. Buitelaar, Jan K. Gray matter covariations and core symptoms of autism: the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title | Gray matter covariations and core symptoms of autism: the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title_full | Gray matter covariations and core symptoms of autism: the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title_fullStr | Gray matter covariations and core symptoms of autism: the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title_full_unstemmed | Gray matter covariations and core symptoms of autism: the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title_short | Gray matter covariations and core symptoms of autism: the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project |
title_sort | gray matter covariations and core symptoms of autism: the eu-aims longitudinal european autism project |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7596954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33126911 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00389-4 |
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