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Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity in Intermittent Exotropia
PURPOSE: To determine whether contrast sensitivity (CS) can represent photophobia in intermittent exotropia (IXT) by comparing the CS test with and without glare stimulus, and to analyze the factors of IXT affecting CS. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 107 patients with ba...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Korean Ophthalmological Society
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597612/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33099561 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2020.0058 |
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author | Kwon, Ji Min Lee, Soo Jung |
author_facet | Kwon, Ji Min Lee, Soo Jung |
author_sort | Kwon, Ji Min |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: To determine whether contrast sensitivity (CS) can represent photophobia in intermittent exotropia (IXT) by comparing the CS test with and without glare stimulus, and to analyze the factors of IXT affecting CS. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 107 patients with basic-type IXT. We compared CS under mesopic and photopic conditions, with and without glare. We compared the difference in CS before and after glare (ΔCS) between mesopic and photopic conditions, and compared CS with glare between patients with and without photophobia. The correlations between the clinical features of IXT and CS were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant reduction in CS at all spatial frequencies by glare stimulus. ΔCS was greater at high spatial frequencies under photopic conditions than under mesopic conditions. The group with subjective photophobia showed lower CS at 10.2 cpd under mesopic conditions with glare. CS showed a negative correlation with stereopsis under both mesopic and photopic conditions, and a positive correlation with fusional ability at low and intermediate spatial frequencies under mesopic conditions. ΔCS was smaller at intermediate spatial frequencies with better fusional ability, greater at high spatial frequencies with photophobia, and greater at intermediate spatial frequencies with a higher frequency of exotropia. CONCLUSIONS: The CS test could not represent photophobia in IXT. However, CS tended to decrease with glare stimulus, and CS under mesopic conditions with glare was worse when accompanied by photophobia. Moreover, a poorer degree of stereopsis was associated with lower CS, and better fusional ability was associated with higher CS under mesopic conditions. Therefore, the CS test can be considered helpful in evaluating sensory function in IXT. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7597612 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Korean Ophthalmological Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75976122020-11-03 Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity in Intermittent Exotropia Kwon, Ji Min Lee, Soo Jung Korean J Ophthalmol Original Article PURPOSE: To determine whether contrast sensitivity (CS) can represent photophobia in intermittent exotropia (IXT) by comparing the CS test with and without glare stimulus, and to analyze the factors of IXT affecting CS. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 107 patients with basic-type IXT. We compared CS under mesopic and photopic conditions, with and without glare. We compared the difference in CS before and after glare (ΔCS) between mesopic and photopic conditions, and compared CS with glare between patients with and without photophobia. The correlations between the clinical features of IXT and CS were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant reduction in CS at all spatial frequencies by glare stimulus. ΔCS was greater at high spatial frequencies under photopic conditions than under mesopic conditions. The group with subjective photophobia showed lower CS at 10.2 cpd under mesopic conditions with glare. CS showed a negative correlation with stereopsis under both mesopic and photopic conditions, and a positive correlation with fusional ability at low and intermediate spatial frequencies under mesopic conditions. ΔCS was smaller at intermediate spatial frequencies with better fusional ability, greater at high spatial frequencies with photophobia, and greater at intermediate spatial frequencies with a higher frequency of exotropia. CONCLUSIONS: The CS test could not represent photophobia in IXT. However, CS tended to decrease with glare stimulus, and CS under mesopic conditions with glare was worse when accompanied by photophobia. Moreover, a poorer degree of stereopsis was associated with lower CS, and better fusional ability was associated with higher CS under mesopic conditions. Therefore, the CS test can be considered helpful in evaluating sensory function in IXT. Korean Ophthalmological Society 2020-10 2020-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7597612/ /pubmed/33099561 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2020.0058 Text en Copyright © 2020 Korean Ophthalmological Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Kwon, Ji Min Lee, Soo Jung Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity in Intermittent Exotropia |
title | Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity in Intermittent Exotropia |
title_full | Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity in Intermittent Exotropia |
title_fullStr | Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity in Intermittent Exotropia |
title_full_unstemmed | Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity in Intermittent Exotropia |
title_short | Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity in Intermittent Exotropia |
title_sort | factors affecting contrast sensitivity in intermittent exotropia |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597612/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33099561 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2020.0058 |
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