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Gynomonoecy in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Eulophia zollingeri with autonomous selfing hermaphroditic flowers and putatively outcrossing female flowers
Most orchid species exhibit an extreme case of hermaphroditism, owing to the fusion of male and female organs into a gynostemium. Exceptions to this rule have only been reported from the subtribes Catasetinae and Satyriinae. Here, I report an additional orchidaceous example whose flowers are not alw...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597633/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33194432 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10272 |
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author | Suetsugu, Kenji |
author_facet | Suetsugu, Kenji |
author_sort | Suetsugu, Kenji |
collection | PubMed |
description | Most orchid species exhibit an extreme case of hermaphroditism, owing to the fusion of male and female organs into a gynostemium. Exceptions to this rule have only been reported from the subtribes Catasetinae and Satyriinae. Here, I report an additional orchidaceous example whose flowers are not always hermaphroditic. In several Japanese populations of Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f.) J.J.Sm, a widespread Asian and Oceanian orchid, some flowers possess both the anther (i.e., anther cap and pollinaria) and stigma, whereas others possess only the stigma. Therefore, pollination experiments, an investigation of floral morphology and observations of floral visitors were conducted to understand the reproductive biology of E. zollingeri in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. It was confirmed that E. zollingeri studied here possesses a gynomonoecious reproductive system, a sexual system in which a single plant has both female flowers and hermaphroditic flowers. In addition, hermaphroditic flowers often possess an effective self-pollination system while female flowers could avoid autogamy but suffered from severe pollinator limitation, due to a lack of agamospermy and low insect-mediated pollination. The present study represents the first documented example of gynomonoecy within Orchidaceae. Gynomonoecy in E. zollingeri may be maintained by the tradeoff in reproductive traits between female flowers (with low fruit set but potential outcrossing benefits) and hermaphroditic flowers (with high fruit set but inbreeding depression in selfed offspring). This mixed mating is probably important in mycoheterotrophic E. zollingeri because it occurs in shaded forest understorey with a paucity of pollinators. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7597633 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75976332020-11-12 Gynomonoecy in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Eulophia zollingeri with autonomous selfing hermaphroditic flowers and putatively outcrossing female flowers Suetsugu, Kenji PeerJ Biodiversity Most orchid species exhibit an extreme case of hermaphroditism, owing to the fusion of male and female organs into a gynostemium. Exceptions to this rule have only been reported from the subtribes Catasetinae and Satyriinae. Here, I report an additional orchidaceous example whose flowers are not always hermaphroditic. In several Japanese populations of Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f.) J.J.Sm, a widespread Asian and Oceanian orchid, some flowers possess both the anther (i.e., anther cap and pollinaria) and stigma, whereas others possess only the stigma. Therefore, pollination experiments, an investigation of floral morphology and observations of floral visitors were conducted to understand the reproductive biology of E. zollingeri in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. It was confirmed that E. zollingeri studied here possesses a gynomonoecious reproductive system, a sexual system in which a single plant has both female flowers and hermaphroditic flowers. In addition, hermaphroditic flowers often possess an effective self-pollination system while female flowers could avoid autogamy but suffered from severe pollinator limitation, due to a lack of agamospermy and low insect-mediated pollination. The present study represents the first documented example of gynomonoecy within Orchidaceae. Gynomonoecy in E. zollingeri may be maintained by the tradeoff in reproductive traits between female flowers (with low fruit set but potential outcrossing benefits) and hermaphroditic flowers (with high fruit set but inbreeding depression in selfed offspring). This mixed mating is probably important in mycoheterotrophic E. zollingeri because it occurs in shaded forest understorey with a paucity of pollinators. PeerJ Inc. 2020-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7597633/ /pubmed/33194432 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10272 Text en ©2020 Suetsugu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Biodiversity Suetsugu, Kenji Gynomonoecy in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Eulophia zollingeri with autonomous selfing hermaphroditic flowers and putatively outcrossing female flowers |
title | Gynomonoecy in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Eulophia zollingeri with autonomous selfing hermaphroditic flowers and putatively outcrossing female flowers |
title_full | Gynomonoecy in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Eulophia zollingeri with autonomous selfing hermaphroditic flowers and putatively outcrossing female flowers |
title_fullStr | Gynomonoecy in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Eulophia zollingeri with autonomous selfing hermaphroditic flowers and putatively outcrossing female flowers |
title_full_unstemmed | Gynomonoecy in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Eulophia zollingeri with autonomous selfing hermaphroditic flowers and putatively outcrossing female flowers |
title_short | Gynomonoecy in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Eulophia zollingeri with autonomous selfing hermaphroditic flowers and putatively outcrossing female flowers |
title_sort | gynomonoecy in a mycoheterotrophic orchid eulophia zollingeri with autonomous selfing hermaphroditic flowers and putatively outcrossing female flowers |
topic | Biodiversity |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597633/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33194432 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10272 |
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