Negative Effect of Reduced NME1 Expression on Recurrence-Free Survival in Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

This study aimed to understand whether the effect of non-metastatic cells 1 (NME1) on recurrence-free survival (RFS) in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be modified by β-catenin overexpression and cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Expression levels of NME1 and β-catenin were analyzed using immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 425 early stage NSCLC patients. Reduced NME1 expression was found in 39% of samples. The median duration of follow-up was 56 months, and recurrence was found in 186 (44%) of 425 patients. The negative effect of reduced NME1 expression on RFS was worsened by cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.16–9.17, p = 0.03). β-catenin overexpression exacerbated the effect of reduced NME1 expression on RFS and the negative effect was greater when receiving cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy: among patients treated with cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy, hazard ratios of patients with reduced NME1 expression increased from 5.59 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.62–50.91, p = 0.13) to 15.52 (95% CI = 2.94–82.38, p = 0.001) by β-catenin overexpression, after adjusting for confounding factors. In conclusion, the present study suggests that cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy needs to be carefully applied to early stage NSCLC patients with overexpressed β-catenin in combination with reduced NME1 expression.