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Regional Requirements Influence Adoption of Exertional Heat Illness Preparedness Strategies in United States High Schools
Background and objectives: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) continues to be a prevalent health issue affecting all athletes, including our pediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a state policy requirement for EHS prevention and treatment on local high school polic...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7598211/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32977447 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100488 |
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author | Scarneo-Miller, Samantha E. Saltzman, Benjamin Adams, William M. Casa, Douglas J. |
author_facet | Scarneo-Miller, Samantha E. Saltzman, Benjamin Adams, William M. Casa, Douglas J. |
author_sort | Scarneo-Miller, Samantha E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background and objectives: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) continues to be a prevalent health issue affecting all athletes, including our pediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a state policy requirement for EHS prevention and treatment on local high school policy adoption in the United States (US). Materials and Methods: Athletic trainers (ATs) from high schools across the US participated in an online survey (n = 365). This survey inquired about their compliance with nine components of an EHS policy which was then compared to their state requirements for the policies. Evaluation of the number of components adopted between states with a requirement versus states without a requirement was conducted with a Wilcoxon Sign Rank test. Finally, an ordinal logistic regression with proportional odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were run to determine the effect of a state requirement and regional differences on the number of components adopted. Results: ATs working in states with a requirement reported adoption of more components in their heat modification policy compared to states that did not require schools to develop a heat modification policy (with requirement mean = 5.34 ± 3.68, median = 7.0; without requirement mean = 4.23 ± 3.59, median = 5.0; Z = −14.88, p < 0.001). ATs working in region 3 (e.g., hotter regions) reported adopting more components than those in region 1 (e.g., cooler regions) (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.215–4.201, p = 0.010). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a positive association between state policy requirements and subsequently increased local policy adoption for EHS policies. Additionally, the results demonstrate that regional differences exist, calling for the need for reducing disparities across the US. These findings may imply that policy adoption is a multifactorial process; furthermore, additional regional specific investigations must be conducted to determine the true determinants of high school policy adoption rates for EHS policies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7598211 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75982112020-10-31 Regional Requirements Influence Adoption of Exertional Heat Illness Preparedness Strategies in United States High Schools Scarneo-Miller, Samantha E. Saltzman, Benjamin Adams, William M. Casa, Douglas J. Medicina (Kaunas) Review Background and objectives: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) continues to be a prevalent health issue affecting all athletes, including our pediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a state policy requirement for EHS prevention and treatment on local high school policy adoption in the United States (US). Materials and Methods: Athletic trainers (ATs) from high schools across the US participated in an online survey (n = 365). This survey inquired about their compliance with nine components of an EHS policy which was then compared to their state requirements for the policies. Evaluation of the number of components adopted between states with a requirement versus states without a requirement was conducted with a Wilcoxon Sign Rank test. Finally, an ordinal logistic regression with proportional odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were run to determine the effect of a state requirement and regional differences on the number of components adopted. Results: ATs working in states with a requirement reported adoption of more components in their heat modification policy compared to states that did not require schools to develop a heat modification policy (with requirement mean = 5.34 ± 3.68, median = 7.0; without requirement mean = 4.23 ± 3.59, median = 5.0; Z = −14.88, p < 0.001). ATs working in region 3 (e.g., hotter regions) reported adopting more components than those in region 1 (e.g., cooler regions) (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.215–4.201, p = 0.010). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a positive association between state policy requirements and subsequently increased local policy adoption for EHS policies. Additionally, the results demonstrate that regional differences exist, calling for the need for reducing disparities across the US. These findings may imply that policy adoption is a multifactorial process; furthermore, additional regional specific investigations must be conducted to determine the true determinants of high school policy adoption rates for EHS policies. MDPI 2020-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7598211/ /pubmed/32977447 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100488 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Scarneo-Miller, Samantha E. Saltzman, Benjamin Adams, William M. Casa, Douglas J. Regional Requirements Influence Adoption of Exertional Heat Illness Preparedness Strategies in United States High Schools |
title | Regional Requirements Influence Adoption of Exertional Heat Illness Preparedness Strategies in United States High Schools |
title_full | Regional Requirements Influence Adoption of Exertional Heat Illness Preparedness Strategies in United States High Schools |
title_fullStr | Regional Requirements Influence Adoption of Exertional Heat Illness Preparedness Strategies in United States High Schools |
title_full_unstemmed | Regional Requirements Influence Adoption of Exertional Heat Illness Preparedness Strategies in United States High Schools |
title_short | Regional Requirements Influence Adoption of Exertional Heat Illness Preparedness Strategies in United States High Schools |
title_sort | regional requirements influence adoption of exertional heat illness preparedness strategies in united states high schools |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7598211/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32977447 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100488 |
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