Camel platelet aggregation responses and the antiplatelet effect of camel urine: comparison between black and white camels

Human black and white-skinned races exhibited differences in platelet aggregation. However, no similar differences were described on white and black camels. This study aims to find out whether black and white camel skin color is associated with differences in camel platelet aggregation responses or the platelet inhibitory activity of their urine. Platelet aggregometry was undertaken in black and white camels, in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), Arachidonic acid (AA), Epinephrine (EPN), collagen, and Ristocetin. Platelet aggregometry was also done in human PRP after the addition of raw and serially diluted (1:2, 1:4 and 1:8) white and black camel urines. In black camels, platelet aggregation in response to ADP, AA, EPN and Collagen were slightly higher than in white camels. The addition of raw camel urine collected from mixed population of black and white camels to human platelets resulted in inhibition of platelet aggregation. Serial dilutions of camel urine (1:2, 1:4, 1:8) resulted initially in loss of the inhibitory action followed by enhancement of human platelet aggregation responses to ADP and AA. The neat and serially diluted white camel urines caused more inhibition of the human platelet aggregation responses than the black camel urines. This study uncovered a new biological feature in the camels. The camel skin color seems to be associated with different platelet aggregation responses as well as different antiplatelet activity of the camel urine; white camel urine was found to cause more platelet inhibition than black camel urine.