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Cell Mechanics in Embryoid Bodies

Embryoid bodies (EBs) resemble self-organizing aggregates of pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate some aspects of early embryogenesis. Within few days, the cells undergo a transition from rather homogeneous epithelial-like pluripotent stem cell colonies into a three-dimensional organization of v...

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Autores principales: Zeevaert, Kira, Elsafi Mabrouk, Mohamed H., Wagner, Wolfgang, Goetzke, Roman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7599659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33050550
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9102270
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author Zeevaert, Kira
Elsafi Mabrouk, Mohamed H.
Wagner, Wolfgang
Goetzke, Roman
author_facet Zeevaert, Kira
Elsafi Mabrouk, Mohamed H.
Wagner, Wolfgang
Goetzke, Roman
author_sort Zeevaert, Kira
collection PubMed
description Embryoid bodies (EBs) resemble self-organizing aggregates of pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate some aspects of early embryogenesis. Within few days, the cells undergo a transition from rather homogeneous epithelial-like pluripotent stem cell colonies into a three-dimensional organization of various cell types with multifaceted cell–cell interactions and lumen formation—a process associated with repetitive epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. In the last few years, culture methods have further evolved to better control EB size, growth, cellular composition, and organization—e.g., by the addition of morphogens or different extracellular matrix molecules. There is a growing perception that the mechanical properties, cell mechanics, and cell signaling during EB development are also influenced by physical cues to better guide lineage specification; substrate elasticity and topography are relevant, as well as shear stress and mechanical strain. Epithelial structures outside and inside EBs support the integrity of the cell aggregates and counteract mechanical stress. Furthermore, hydrogels can be used to better control the organization and lineage-specific differentiation of EBs. In this review, we summarize how EB formation is accompanied by a variety of biomechanical parameters that need to be considered for the directed and reproducible self-organization of early cell fate decisions.
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spelling pubmed-75996592020-11-01 Cell Mechanics in Embryoid Bodies Zeevaert, Kira Elsafi Mabrouk, Mohamed H. Wagner, Wolfgang Goetzke, Roman Cells Review Embryoid bodies (EBs) resemble self-organizing aggregates of pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate some aspects of early embryogenesis. Within few days, the cells undergo a transition from rather homogeneous epithelial-like pluripotent stem cell colonies into a three-dimensional organization of various cell types with multifaceted cell–cell interactions and lumen formation—a process associated with repetitive epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. In the last few years, culture methods have further evolved to better control EB size, growth, cellular composition, and organization—e.g., by the addition of morphogens or different extracellular matrix molecules. There is a growing perception that the mechanical properties, cell mechanics, and cell signaling during EB development are also influenced by physical cues to better guide lineage specification; substrate elasticity and topography are relevant, as well as shear stress and mechanical strain. Epithelial structures outside and inside EBs support the integrity of the cell aggregates and counteract mechanical stress. Furthermore, hydrogels can be used to better control the organization and lineage-specific differentiation of EBs. In this review, we summarize how EB formation is accompanied by a variety of biomechanical parameters that need to be considered for the directed and reproducible self-organization of early cell fate decisions. MDPI 2020-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7599659/ /pubmed/33050550 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9102270 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Zeevaert, Kira
Elsafi Mabrouk, Mohamed H.
Wagner, Wolfgang
Goetzke, Roman
Cell Mechanics in Embryoid Bodies
title Cell Mechanics in Embryoid Bodies
title_full Cell Mechanics in Embryoid Bodies
title_fullStr Cell Mechanics in Embryoid Bodies
title_full_unstemmed Cell Mechanics in Embryoid Bodies
title_short Cell Mechanics in Embryoid Bodies
title_sort cell mechanics in embryoid bodies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7599659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33050550
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9102270
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