Identification of High-Risk Atypical Meningiomas According to Semantic and Radiomic Features

SIMPLE SUMMARY: More than 50% of atypical meningiomas recur within 5 years. Identification of high-risk tumors might be helpful for pre-operative planning. The aim of our retrospective study was to assess the value of radiomic and semantic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics for the prediction of tumor relapse. Our findings suggest that the semantic characteristic of cystic component and the radiomic feature of cluster prominence are associated with tumor recurrence. A combination of semantic and radiomic characteristics is a promising tool for identifying patients with high-risk atypical meningiomas. ABSTRACT: Up to 60% of atypical meningiomas (World Health Organization (WHO) grade II) reoccur within 5 years after resection. However, no clear radiological criteria exist to identify tumors with higher risk of relapse. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of certain radiomic and semantic features of atypical meningiomas in MRI with tumor recurrence. We identified patients operated on primary atypical meningiomas in our department from 2007 to 2017. An analysis of 13 quantitatively defined radiomic and 11 qualitatively defined semantic criteria was performed based on preoperative MRI scans. Imaging characteristics were assessed along with clinical and survival data. The analysis included 76 patients (59% women, mean age 59 years). Complete tumor resection was achieved in 65 (86%) cases, and tumor relapse occurred in 17 (22%) cases. Mean follow-up time was 41.6 (range 3–168) months. Cystic component was significantly associated with tumor recurrence (odds ratio (OR) 21.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8–124.5) and shorter progression-free survival (33.2 vs. 80.7 months, p < 0.001), whereas radiomic characteristics had no predictive value in univariate analysis. However, multivariate analysis demonstrated significant predictive value of high cluster prominence (hazard ratio (HR) 5.89 (1.03–33.73) and cystic component (HR 20.21 (2.46–166.02)) for tumor recurrence. The combination of radiomic and semantic features might be an effective tool for identifying patients with high-risk atypical meningiomas. The presence of a cystic component in these tumors is associated with a high risk of tumor recurrence.