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Depression, Metabolic Syndrome, Serum TSH, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Rural and Urban Postmenopausal Women

Background and objectives: Depression is a serious problem affecting people worldwide, however it more commonly concerns women. Depression reduces the quality of life and, in many cases, leads to suicide. Numerous new biological factors have been demonstrated to have an impact on the pathogenesis of...

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Autores principales: Bojar, Iwona, Raczkiewicz, Dorota, Sarecka-Hujar, Beata
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7599760/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33008063
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100511
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author Bojar, Iwona
Raczkiewicz, Dorota
Sarecka-Hujar, Beata
author_facet Bojar, Iwona
Raczkiewicz, Dorota
Sarecka-Hujar, Beata
author_sort Bojar, Iwona
collection PubMed
description Background and objectives: Depression is a serious problem affecting people worldwide, however it more commonly concerns women. Depression reduces the quality of life and, in many cases, leads to suicide. Numerous new biological factors have been demonstrated to have an impact on the pathogenesis of depression, including vitamin D, thyroid hormones, as well as factors related to heart disease. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and vitamin D concentrations as well as metabolic syndrome on the severity of depression in Polish postmenopausal women from urban and rural areas. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 2018–2019 in the Lublin region, Poland, and comprised 396 postmenopausal women (239 living in rural areas and 157 living in urban areas). Metabolic syndrome criteria according to the International Diabetes Federation and Beck Depression Inventory were used, and laboratory blood tests were performed. Results: A significantly higher percentage of the examined rural residents had moderate or severe depression in comparison to the urban ones (p = 0.049). The examined women from rural areas had a significantly higher serum vitamin D concentration in comparison to the urban ones (p < 0.001). The rural residents more commonly had below-normal levels of serum TSH and less commonly had normal levels in comparison to the urban residents. Metabolic syndrome was found in 70% of the rural residents, and that number was significantly lower in the urban ones (22%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The severity of depression in postmenopausal Polish women was correlated negatively with the serum TSH concentration in women from rural areas. The severity of depression was increased in urban postmenopausal women with hypertension. No correlation of the depression severity with the serum vitamin D concentration or other criteria of metabolic syndrome was found.
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spelling pubmed-75997602020-11-01 Depression, Metabolic Syndrome, Serum TSH, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Rural and Urban Postmenopausal Women Bojar, Iwona Raczkiewicz, Dorota Sarecka-Hujar, Beata Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and objectives: Depression is a serious problem affecting people worldwide, however it more commonly concerns women. Depression reduces the quality of life and, in many cases, leads to suicide. Numerous new biological factors have been demonstrated to have an impact on the pathogenesis of depression, including vitamin D, thyroid hormones, as well as factors related to heart disease. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and vitamin D concentrations as well as metabolic syndrome on the severity of depression in Polish postmenopausal women from urban and rural areas. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 2018–2019 in the Lublin region, Poland, and comprised 396 postmenopausal women (239 living in rural areas and 157 living in urban areas). Metabolic syndrome criteria according to the International Diabetes Federation and Beck Depression Inventory were used, and laboratory blood tests were performed. Results: A significantly higher percentage of the examined rural residents had moderate or severe depression in comparison to the urban ones (p = 0.049). The examined women from rural areas had a significantly higher serum vitamin D concentration in comparison to the urban ones (p < 0.001). The rural residents more commonly had below-normal levels of serum TSH and less commonly had normal levels in comparison to the urban residents. Metabolic syndrome was found in 70% of the rural residents, and that number was significantly lower in the urban ones (22%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The severity of depression in postmenopausal Polish women was correlated negatively with the serum TSH concentration in women from rural areas. The severity of depression was increased in urban postmenopausal women with hypertension. No correlation of the depression severity with the serum vitamin D concentration or other criteria of metabolic syndrome was found. MDPI 2020-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7599760/ /pubmed/33008063 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100511 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bojar, Iwona
Raczkiewicz, Dorota
Sarecka-Hujar, Beata
Depression, Metabolic Syndrome, Serum TSH, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Rural and Urban Postmenopausal Women
title Depression, Metabolic Syndrome, Serum TSH, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Rural and Urban Postmenopausal Women
title_full Depression, Metabolic Syndrome, Serum TSH, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Rural and Urban Postmenopausal Women
title_fullStr Depression, Metabolic Syndrome, Serum TSH, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Rural and Urban Postmenopausal Women
title_full_unstemmed Depression, Metabolic Syndrome, Serum TSH, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Rural and Urban Postmenopausal Women
title_short Depression, Metabolic Syndrome, Serum TSH, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Rural and Urban Postmenopausal Women
title_sort depression, metabolic syndrome, serum tsh, and vitamin d concentrations in rural and urban postmenopausal women
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7599760/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33008063
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100511
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