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The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery
SIMPLE SUMMARY: The deregulation of the oxidative metabolism in cancer cells, characterized by an increased ratio between glycolysis and oxygen consumption (Warburgv effect) largely depends on metabolic and molecular variations including modifications of oxidative metabolism, activation of oncogenes...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7599761/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33008042 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102819 |
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author | Pascale, Rosa Maria Calvisi, Diego Francesco Simile, Maria Maddalena Feo, Claudio Francesco Feo, Francesco |
author_facet | Pascale, Rosa Maria Calvisi, Diego Francesco Simile, Maria Maddalena Feo, Claudio Francesco Feo, Francesco |
author_sort | Pascale, Rosa Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: The deregulation of the oxidative metabolism in cancer cells, characterized by an increased ratio between glycolysis and oxygen consumption (Warburgv effect) largely depends on metabolic and molecular variations including modifications of oxidative metabolism, activation of oncogenes that promote glycolysis and decrease oxygen consumption, defective cancer mitochondria; attempts to correct the Warburg effect represent new approaches to tumor therapy. ABSTRACT: The deregulation of the oxidative metabolism in cancer, as shown by the increased aerobic glycolysis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation (Warburg effect), is coordinated by genetic changes leading to the activation of oncogenes and the loss of oncosuppressor genes. The understanding of the metabolic deregulation of cancer cells is necessary to prevent and cure cancer. In this review, we illustrate and comment the principal metabolic and molecular variations of cancer cells, involved in their anomalous behavior, that include modifications of oxidative metabolism, the activation of oncogenes that promote glycolysis and a decrease of oxygen consumption in cancer cells, the genetic susceptibility to cancer, the molecular correlations involved in the metabolic deregulation in cancer, the defective cancer mitochondria, the relationships between the Warburg effect and tumor therapy, and recent studies that reevaluate the Warburg effect. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Warburg effect is an epiphenomenon of the transformation process essential for the development of malignancy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7599761 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75997612020-11-01 The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery Pascale, Rosa Maria Calvisi, Diego Francesco Simile, Maria Maddalena Feo, Claudio Francesco Feo, Francesco Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: The deregulation of the oxidative metabolism in cancer cells, characterized by an increased ratio between glycolysis and oxygen consumption (Warburgv effect) largely depends on metabolic and molecular variations including modifications of oxidative metabolism, activation of oncogenes that promote glycolysis and decrease oxygen consumption, defective cancer mitochondria; attempts to correct the Warburg effect represent new approaches to tumor therapy. ABSTRACT: The deregulation of the oxidative metabolism in cancer, as shown by the increased aerobic glycolysis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation (Warburg effect), is coordinated by genetic changes leading to the activation of oncogenes and the loss of oncosuppressor genes. The understanding of the metabolic deregulation of cancer cells is necessary to prevent and cure cancer. In this review, we illustrate and comment the principal metabolic and molecular variations of cancer cells, involved in their anomalous behavior, that include modifications of oxidative metabolism, the activation of oncogenes that promote glycolysis and a decrease of oxygen consumption in cancer cells, the genetic susceptibility to cancer, the molecular correlations involved in the metabolic deregulation in cancer, the defective cancer mitochondria, the relationships between the Warburg effect and tumor therapy, and recent studies that reevaluate the Warburg effect. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Warburg effect is an epiphenomenon of the transformation process essential for the development of malignancy. MDPI 2020-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7599761/ /pubmed/33008042 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102819 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Pascale, Rosa Maria Calvisi, Diego Francesco Simile, Maria Maddalena Feo, Claudio Francesco Feo, Francesco The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery |
title | The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery |
title_full | The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery |
title_fullStr | The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery |
title_full_unstemmed | The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery |
title_short | The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery |
title_sort | warburg effect 97 years after its discovery |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7599761/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33008042 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102819 |
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