A Second Generation Mn-Porphyrin Dimer with a Twisted Linker as a Potential Blood Pool Agent for MRI: Tuning the Geometry and Binding with HSA

Blood-pool agents (BPAs) are MRI contrast agents (CAs) characterized by their long circulation in the vascular system to provide an extended time window for high-resolution MR angiography (MRA). Prolonged vascular retention, however, impedes the excretion of BPAs. Therefore, chemical strategy to regulate the balance between retention and clearance is important to reach optimal pharmacokinetics. We recently developed MnP2, the first Mn(III)-porphyrin (MnP) based BPA. MnP2 shows high T(1) relaxivity (r(1)) and high affinity to human serum albumin (HSA) that leads to up to 48-h vascular retention in rats. However, upon albumin binding, the r(1) is decreased. To modulate vascular retention time and plasma r(1), a regioisomer of MnP2, m-MnP2, was synthesized. The free m-MnP2 exhibits lower r(1) than that of MnP2 at magnetic fields above 2 MHz, which agrees with their relative hydrodynamic sizes. The HSA binding of m-MnP2 was evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy and found to have tuned-down affinity in comparison with MnP2. Upon HSA binding, the protein complex of m-MnP2 exhibits an r(1) of 11.8 mM(−1) s(−1) at 3 T, which is higher than that of MnP2 bound to HSA. Taken together, this demonstrated the role of molecular geometry in optimizing the pharmacokinetics of albumin-targeting BPAs.