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Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species
Protea caffra is used as a diarrhoeal remedy in South African herbal medicine, however, its pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. In the present study, extracts from different Protea caffra organs were screened against drug-sensitive and -resistant diarrhoeagenic pathogens using the mic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7600625/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33050284 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101331 |
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author | Vambe, McMaster Aremu, Adeyemi O. Chukwujekwu, Jude C. Gruz, Jiri Luterová, Andrea Finnie, Jeffrey F. Van Staden, Johannes |
author_facet | Vambe, McMaster Aremu, Adeyemi O. Chukwujekwu, Jude C. Gruz, Jiri Luterová, Andrea Finnie, Jeffrey F. Van Staden, Johannes |
author_sort | Vambe, McMaster |
collection | PubMed |
description | Protea caffra is used as a diarrhoeal remedy in South African herbal medicine, however, its pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. In the present study, extracts from different Protea caffra organs were screened against drug-sensitive and -resistant diarrhoeagenic pathogens using the microdilution assay (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC). Twig extracts (70% methanol, MeOH) of the plant were purified and the resultant fractions screened for antibacterial properties (MIC). The chemical profiles of the fractions were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to quantify the phenolic acids in the plant. The mutagenic properties of bioactive extracts were assessed using the Ames test. The extracts demonstrated weak-moderate antibacterial properties (MIC: 0.3–0.6 mg/mL). A cold ethyl acetate fraction of MeOH twig extract exhibited significant antibacterial properties (MIC = 0.078 mg/mL) against Enterococcus faecalis. The presence of antibacterial compounds (1-adamantane carboxylic acid, heptacosanol, levoglucosan, nonadecanol) in the plant was putatively confirmed based on GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed varying concentrations of phenolic acids (0.08–374.55 µg/g DW). Based on the Ames test, the extracts were non-mutagenic thereby suggesting their safety. To a certain degree, the current study supports the traditional use of Protea caffra to manage diarrhoea among local communities in South Africa. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7600625 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76006252020-11-01 Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species Vambe, McMaster Aremu, Adeyemi O. Chukwujekwu, Jude C. Gruz, Jiri Luterová, Andrea Finnie, Jeffrey F. Van Staden, Johannes Plants (Basel) Brief Report Protea caffra is used as a diarrhoeal remedy in South African herbal medicine, however, its pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. In the present study, extracts from different Protea caffra organs were screened against drug-sensitive and -resistant diarrhoeagenic pathogens using the microdilution assay (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC). Twig extracts (70% methanol, MeOH) of the plant were purified and the resultant fractions screened for antibacterial properties (MIC). The chemical profiles of the fractions were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to quantify the phenolic acids in the plant. The mutagenic properties of bioactive extracts were assessed using the Ames test. The extracts demonstrated weak-moderate antibacterial properties (MIC: 0.3–0.6 mg/mL). A cold ethyl acetate fraction of MeOH twig extract exhibited significant antibacterial properties (MIC = 0.078 mg/mL) against Enterococcus faecalis. The presence of antibacterial compounds (1-adamantane carboxylic acid, heptacosanol, levoglucosan, nonadecanol) in the plant was putatively confirmed based on GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed varying concentrations of phenolic acids (0.08–374.55 µg/g DW). Based on the Ames test, the extracts were non-mutagenic thereby suggesting their safety. To a certain degree, the current study supports the traditional use of Protea caffra to manage diarrhoea among local communities in South Africa. MDPI 2020-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7600625/ /pubmed/33050284 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101331 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Brief Report Vambe, McMaster Aremu, Adeyemi O. Chukwujekwu, Jude C. Gruz, Jiri Luterová, Andrea Finnie, Jeffrey F. Van Staden, Johannes Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species |
title | Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species |
title_full | Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species |
title_fullStr | Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species |
title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species |
title_short | Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species |
title_sort | antibacterial, mutagenic properties and chemical characterisation of sugar bush (protea caffra meisn.): a south african native shrub species |
topic | Brief Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7600625/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33050284 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101331 |
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