Cargando…

Achieving the Minimum Roughness of Laser Milled Micro-Impressions on Ti 6Al 4V, Inconel 718, and Duralumin

Titanium-aluminium-vanadium (Ti 6Al 4V) alloys, nickel alloys (Inconel 718), and duraluminum alloys (AA 2000 series) are widely used materials in numerous engineering applications wherein machined features are required to having good surface finish. In this research, micro-impressions of 12 µm depth...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ahmed, Naveed, Rehman, Ateekh Ur, Ishfaq, Kashif, Naveed, Rakhshanda, Moiduddin, Khaja, Umer, Usama, E Ragab, Adham, Al-Zabidi, Ayoub
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7601468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053899
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204523
_version_ 1783603428430184448
author Ahmed, Naveed
Rehman, Ateekh Ur
Ishfaq, Kashif
Naveed, Rakhshanda
Moiduddin, Khaja
Umer, Usama
E Ragab, Adham
Al-Zabidi, Ayoub
author_facet Ahmed, Naveed
Rehman, Ateekh Ur
Ishfaq, Kashif
Naveed, Rakhshanda
Moiduddin, Khaja
Umer, Usama
E Ragab, Adham
Al-Zabidi, Ayoub
author_sort Ahmed, Naveed
collection PubMed
description Titanium-aluminium-vanadium (Ti 6Al 4V) alloys, nickel alloys (Inconel 718), and duraluminum alloys (AA 2000 series) are widely used materials in numerous engineering applications wherein machined features are required to having good surface finish. In this research, micro-impressions of 12 µm depth are milled on these materials though laser milling. Response surface methodology based design of experiment is followed resulting in 54 experiments per work material. Five laser parameters are considered naming lamp current intensity (I), pulse frequency (f), scanning speed (V), layer thickness (LT), and track displacement (TD). Process performance is evaluated and compared in terms of surface roughness through several statistical and microscopic analysis. The significance, strength, and direction of each of the five laser parametric effects are deeply investigated for the said alloys. Optimized laser parameters are proposed to achieve minimum surface roughness. For the optimized combination of laser parameters to achieve minimum surface roughness (Ra) in the titanium alloy, the said alloy consists of I = 85%, f = 20 kHz, V = 250 mm/s, TD = 11 µm, and LT = 3 µm. Similarly, optimized parameters for nickel alloy are as follows: I = 85%, f = 20 kHz, V = 256 mm/s, TD = 8 µm, and LT = 1 µm. Minimum roughness (Ra) on the surface of aluminum alloys can be achieved under the following optimized parameters: I = 75%, f = 20 kHz, V = 200 mm/s, TD = 12 µm, and LT = 3 µm. Micro-impressions produced under optimized parameters have surface roughness of 0.56 µm, 2.46 µm, and 0.54 µm on titanium alloy, nickel alloy, and duralumin, respectively. Some engineering applications need to have high surface roughness (e.g., in case of biomedical implants) or some desired level of roughness. Therefore, validated statistical models are presented to estimate the desired level of roughness against any laser parametric settings.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7601468
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-76014682020-11-01 Achieving the Minimum Roughness of Laser Milled Micro-Impressions on Ti 6Al 4V, Inconel 718, and Duralumin Ahmed, Naveed Rehman, Ateekh Ur Ishfaq, Kashif Naveed, Rakhshanda Moiduddin, Khaja Umer, Usama E Ragab, Adham Al-Zabidi, Ayoub Materials (Basel) Article Titanium-aluminium-vanadium (Ti 6Al 4V) alloys, nickel alloys (Inconel 718), and duraluminum alloys (AA 2000 series) are widely used materials in numerous engineering applications wherein machined features are required to having good surface finish. In this research, micro-impressions of 12 µm depth are milled on these materials though laser milling. Response surface methodology based design of experiment is followed resulting in 54 experiments per work material. Five laser parameters are considered naming lamp current intensity (I), pulse frequency (f), scanning speed (V), layer thickness (LT), and track displacement (TD). Process performance is evaluated and compared in terms of surface roughness through several statistical and microscopic analysis. The significance, strength, and direction of each of the five laser parametric effects are deeply investigated for the said alloys. Optimized laser parameters are proposed to achieve minimum surface roughness. For the optimized combination of laser parameters to achieve minimum surface roughness (Ra) in the titanium alloy, the said alloy consists of I = 85%, f = 20 kHz, V = 250 mm/s, TD = 11 µm, and LT = 3 µm. Similarly, optimized parameters for nickel alloy are as follows: I = 85%, f = 20 kHz, V = 256 mm/s, TD = 8 µm, and LT = 1 µm. Minimum roughness (Ra) on the surface of aluminum alloys can be achieved under the following optimized parameters: I = 75%, f = 20 kHz, V = 200 mm/s, TD = 12 µm, and LT = 3 µm. Micro-impressions produced under optimized parameters have surface roughness of 0.56 µm, 2.46 µm, and 0.54 µm on titanium alloy, nickel alloy, and duralumin, respectively. Some engineering applications need to have high surface roughness (e.g., in case of biomedical implants) or some desired level of roughness. Therefore, validated statistical models are presented to estimate the desired level of roughness against any laser parametric settings. MDPI 2020-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7601468/ /pubmed/33053899 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204523 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ahmed, Naveed
Rehman, Ateekh Ur
Ishfaq, Kashif
Naveed, Rakhshanda
Moiduddin, Khaja
Umer, Usama
E Ragab, Adham
Al-Zabidi, Ayoub
Achieving the Minimum Roughness of Laser Milled Micro-Impressions on Ti 6Al 4V, Inconel 718, and Duralumin
title Achieving the Minimum Roughness of Laser Milled Micro-Impressions on Ti 6Al 4V, Inconel 718, and Duralumin
title_full Achieving the Minimum Roughness of Laser Milled Micro-Impressions on Ti 6Al 4V, Inconel 718, and Duralumin
title_fullStr Achieving the Minimum Roughness of Laser Milled Micro-Impressions on Ti 6Al 4V, Inconel 718, and Duralumin
title_full_unstemmed Achieving the Minimum Roughness of Laser Milled Micro-Impressions on Ti 6Al 4V, Inconel 718, and Duralumin
title_short Achieving the Minimum Roughness of Laser Milled Micro-Impressions on Ti 6Al 4V, Inconel 718, and Duralumin
title_sort achieving the minimum roughness of laser milled micro-impressions on ti 6al 4v, inconel 718, and duralumin
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7601468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053899
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204523
work_keys_str_mv AT ahmednaveed achievingtheminimumroughnessoflasermilledmicroimpressionsonti6al4vinconel718andduralumin
AT rehmanateekhur achievingtheminimumroughnessoflasermilledmicroimpressionsonti6al4vinconel718andduralumin
AT ishfaqkashif achievingtheminimumroughnessoflasermilledmicroimpressionsonti6al4vinconel718andduralumin
AT naveedrakhshanda achievingtheminimumroughnessoflasermilledmicroimpressionsonti6al4vinconel718andduralumin
AT moiduddinkhaja achievingtheminimumroughnessoflasermilledmicroimpressionsonti6al4vinconel718andduralumin
AT umerusama achievingtheminimumroughnessoflasermilledmicroimpressionsonti6al4vinconel718andduralumin
AT eragabadham achievingtheminimumroughnessoflasermilledmicroimpressionsonti6al4vinconel718andduralumin
AT alzabidiayoub achievingtheminimumroughnessoflasermilledmicroimpressionsonti6al4vinconel718andduralumin