Polydopamine-Modified Metal–Organic Frameworks, NH(2)-Fe-MIL-101, as pH-Sensitive Nanocarriers for Controlled Pesticide Release

Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have become a dazzling star among porous materials used in many fields. Considering their intriguing features, MOFs have great prospects for application in the field of sustainable agriculture, especially as versatile pesticide-delivery vehicles. However, the study of MOF-based platforms for controlled pesticide release has just begun. Controlled pesticide release responsive to environmental stimuli is highly desirable for decreased agrochemical input, improved control efficacy and diminished adverse effects. In this work, simple, octahedral, iron-based MOFs (NH(2)-Fe-MIL-101) were synthesized through a microwave-assisted solvothermal method using Fe(3+) as the node and 2-aminoterephthalic acid as the organic ligand. Diniconazole (Dini), as a model fungicide, was loaded into NH(2)-Fe-MIL-101 to afford Dini@NH(2)-Fe-MIL-101 with a satisfactory loading content of 28.1%. The subsequent polydopamine (PDA) modification could endow Dini with pH-sensitive release patterns. The release of Dini from PDA@Dini@NH(2)-Fe-MIL-101 was much faster in an acidic medium compared to that in neutral and basic media. Moreover, Dini@NH(2)-Fe-MIL-101 and PDA@Dini@NH(2)-Fe-MIL-101 displayed good bioactivities against the pathogenic fungus causing wheat head scab (Fusarium graminearum). This research sought to reveal the feasibility of versatile MOFs as a pesticide-delivery platform in sustainable crop protection.