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A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association
The mutualistic symbiosis between anthozoans and intra-gastrodermal dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae is the functional basis of all coral reef ecosystems, with the latter providing up to 95% of their fixed photosynthate to their hosts in exchange for nutrients. However, recent studies o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7602683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33194344 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9745 |
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author | Peng, Shao-En Moret, Alessandro Chang, Cherilyn Mayfield, Anderson B. Ren, Yu-Ting Chen, Wan-Nan U. Giordano, Mario Chen, Chii-Shiarng |
author_facet | Peng, Shao-En Moret, Alessandro Chang, Cherilyn Mayfield, Anderson B. Ren, Yu-Ting Chen, Wan-Nan U. Giordano, Mario Chen, Chii-Shiarng |
author_sort | Peng, Shao-En |
collection | PubMed |
description | The mutualistic symbiosis between anthozoans and intra-gastrodermal dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae is the functional basis of all coral reef ecosystems, with the latter providing up to 95% of their fixed photosynthate to their hosts in exchange for nutrients. However, recent studies of sponges, jellyfish, and anemones have revealed the potential for this mutualistic relationship to shift to parasitism under stressful conditions. Over a period of eight weeks, we compared the physiological conditions of both inoculated and aposymbiotic anemones (Exaiptasia pallida) that were either fed or starved. By the sixth week, both fed groups of anemones were significantly larger than their starved counterparts. Moreover, inoculated and starved anemones tended to disintegrate into “tissue balls” within eight weeks, and 25% of the samples died; in contrast, starved aposymbiotic anemones required six months to form tissue balls, and no anemones from this group died. Our results show that the dinoflagellates within inoculated anemones may have posed a fatal metabolic burden on their hosts during starvation; this may be because of the need to prioritize their own metabolism and nourishment at the expense of their hosts. Collectively, our study reveals the potential of this dynamic symbiotic association to shift away from mutualism during food-deprived conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7602683 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76026832020-11-12 A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association Peng, Shao-En Moret, Alessandro Chang, Cherilyn Mayfield, Anderson B. Ren, Yu-Ting Chen, Wan-Nan U. Giordano, Mario Chen, Chii-Shiarng PeerJ Marine Biology The mutualistic symbiosis between anthozoans and intra-gastrodermal dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae is the functional basis of all coral reef ecosystems, with the latter providing up to 95% of their fixed photosynthate to their hosts in exchange for nutrients. However, recent studies of sponges, jellyfish, and anemones have revealed the potential for this mutualistic relationship to shift to parasitism under stressful conditions. Over a period of eight weeks, we compared the physiological conditions of both inoculated and aposymbiotic anemones (Exaiptasia pallida) that were either fed or starved. By the sixth week, both fed groups of anemones were significantly larger than their starved counterparts. Moreover, inoculated and starved anemones tended to disintegrate into “tissue balls” within eight weeks, and 25% of the samples died; in contrast, starved aposymbiotic anemones required six months to form tissue balls, and no anemones from this group died. Our results show that the dinoflagellates within inoculated anemones may have posed a fatal metabolic burden on their hosts during starvation; this may be because of the need to prioritize their own metabolism and nourishment at the expense of their hosts. Collectively, our study reveals the potential of this dynamic symbiotic association to shift away from mutualism during food-deprived conditions. PeerJ Inc. 2020-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7602683/ /pubmed/33194344 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9745 Text en ©2020 Peng et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Marine Biology Peng, Shao-En Moret, Alessandro Chang, Cherilyn Mayfield, Anderson B. Ren, Yu-Ting Chen, Wan-Nan U. Giordano, Mario Chen, Chii-Shiarng A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association |
title | A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association |
title_full | A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association |
title_fullStr | A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association |
title_full_unstemmed | A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association |
title_short | A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association |
title_sort | shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association |
topic | Marine Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7602683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33194344 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9745 |
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