Cargando…

A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association

The mutualistic symbiosis between anthozoans and intra-gastrodermal dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae is the functional basis of all coral reef ecosystems, with the latter providing up to 95% of their fixed photosynthate to their hosts in exchange for nutrients. However, recent studies o...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Peng, Shao-En, Moret, Alessandro, Chang, Cherilyn, Mayfield, Anderson B., Ren, Yu-Ting, Chen, Wan-Nan U., Giordano, Mario, Chen, Chii-Shiarng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7602683/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33194344
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9745
_version_ 1783603739726184448
author Peng, Shao-En
Moret, Alessandro
Chang, Cherilyn
Mayfield, Anderson B.
Ren, Yu-Ting
Chen, Wan-Nan U.
Giordano, Mario
Chen, Chii-Shiarng
author_facet Peng, Shao-En
Moret, Alessandro
Chang, Cherilyn
Mayfield, Anderson B.
Ren, Yu-Ting
Chen, Wan-Nan U.
Giordano, Mario
Chen, Chii-Shiarng
author_sort Peng, Shao-En
collection PubMed
description The mutualistic symbiosis between anthozoans and intra-gastrodermal dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae is the functional basis of all coral reef ecosystems, with the latter providing up to 95% of their fixed photosynthate to their hosts in exchange for nutrients. However, recent studies of sponges, jellyfish, and anemones have revealed the potential for this mutualistic relationship to shift to parasitism under stressful conditions. Over a period of eight weeks, we compared the physiological conditions of both inoculated and aposymbiotic anemones (Exaiptasia pallida) that were either fed or starved. By the sixth week, both fed groups of anemones were significantly larger than their starved counterparts. Moreover, inoculated and starved anemones tended to disintegrate into “tissue balls” within eight weeks, and 25% of the samples died; in contrast, starved aposymbiotic anemones required six months to form tissue balls, and no anemones from this group died. Our results show that the dinoflagellates within inoculated anemones may have posed a fatal metabolic burden on their hosts during starvation; this may be because of the need to prioritize their own metabolism and nourishment at the expense of their hosts. Collectively, our study reveals the potential of this dynamic symbiotic association to shift away from mutualism during food-deprived conditions.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7602683
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher PeerJ Inc.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-76026832020-11-12 A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association Peng, Shao-En Moret, Alessandro Chang, Cherilyn Mayfield, Anderson B. Ren, Yu-Ting Chen, Wan-Nan U. Giordano, Mario Chen, Chii-Shiarng PeerJ Marine Biology The mutualistic symbiosis between anthozoans and intra-gastrodermal dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae is the functional basis of all coral reef ecosystems, with the latter providing up to 95% of their fixed photosynthate to their hosts in exchange for nutrients. However, recent studies of sponges, jellyfish, and anemones have revealed the potential for this mutualistic relationship to shift to parasitism under stressful conditions. Over a period of eight weeks, we compared the physiological conditions of both inoculated and aposymbiotic anemones (Exaiptasia pallida) that were either fed or starved. By the sixth week, both fed groups of anemones were significantly larger than their starved counterparts. Moreover, inoculated and starved anemones tended to disintegrate into “tissue balls” within eight weeks, and 25% of the samples died; in contrast, starved aposymbiotic anemones required six months to form tissue balls, and no anemones from this group died. Our results show that the dinoflagellates within inoculated anemones may have posed a fatal metabolic burden on their hosts during starvation; this may be because of the need to prioritize their own metabolism and nourishment at the expense of their hosts. Collectively, our study reveals the potential of this dynamic symbiotic association to shift away from mutualism during food-deprived conditions. PeerJ Inc. 2020-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7602683/ /pubmed/33194344 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9745 Text en ©2020 Peng et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Marine Biology
Peng, Shao-En
Moret, Alessandro
Chang, Cherilyn
Mayfield, Anderson B.
Ren, Yu-Ting
Chen, Wan-Nan U.
Giordano, Mario
Chen, Chii-Shiarng
A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association
title A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association
title_full A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association
title_fullStr A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association
title_full_unstemmed A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association
title_short A shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association
title_sort shift away from mutualism under food-deprived conditions in an anemone-dinoflagellate association
topic Marine Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7602683/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33194344
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9745
work_keys_str_mv AT pengshaoen ashiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT moretalessandro ashiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT changcherilyn ashiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT mayfieldandersonb ashiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT renyuting ashiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT chenwannanu ashiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT giordanomario ashiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT chenchiishiarng ashiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT pengshaoen shiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT moretalessandro shiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT changcherilyn shiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT mayfieldandersonb shiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT renyuting shiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT chenwannanu shiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT giordanomario shiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation
AT chenchiishiarng shiftawayfrommutualismunderfooddeprivedconditionsinananemonedinoflagellateassociation