Prévalence du trait drépanocytaire chez les donneurs de sang au centre régional de transfusion sanguine de la région Haute Matsiatra, Madagascar

INTRODUCTION: sickle cell trait is the heterozygous form of sickle-cell disease. Patients with sickle cell trait can synthesize normal hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S. This condition has no recognizable clinical signs; then subjects with sickle cell trait, ignoring their genetic status, can be found among blood donors. This can have severe impact on donors´ health status and on that of recipients, especially if these have sickle-cell trait. The purpose of our study is to determine the prevalence of sickle cell trait in blood donors. METHODS: we conducted a 4-month descriptive prospective study (January-May 2017) at the Haute Matsiatra Regional Blood Transfusion Center (RBTC). All donors were screened by Emmel test and positive cases were confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis. RESULTS: the study involved 427 donors, of whom 332 were men and 95 women (sex ratio 3.4). The average age of blood donors was 32.72, ranging from 18 to 64 years. Emmel test was positive in 5 donors (1.17%). These patients had the AS genotype confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis. CONCLUSION: the results of this study reveal the presence of sickle cell trait among blood donors at the CRTS. Most of them ignore their sickle cell status before blood donation. Quality and safety of blood and blood products are mandatory, hence the importance of screening among blood donors is a current relevant issue.