Comparison of Mortality Rate and Severity of Pulmonary Involvement in Coronavirus Disease-2019 Adult Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study

OBJECTIVES: Patients with diabetes are potentially at higher risk of mortality due to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to compare the outcomes and severity of pulmonary involvement in COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes. METHODS: In this cohort study, we recruited patients with diabetes who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 during the period from February 2020 to May 2020. Hospitalized individuals without diabetes were enrolled as control subjects. All patients were followed for 90 days and clinical findings and patients’ outcomes were reported. RESULTS: Over a period of 4 months, 127 patients with diabetes and 127 individuals without diabetes with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were recruited. Their mean age was 65.70±12.51 years. Mortality was higher in the group with diabetes (22.8% vs 15.0%; p=0.109), although not significantly. More severe pulmonary involvement (p=0.015), extended hospital stay (p<0.001) and greater need for invasive ventilation (p=0.029) were reported in this population. Stepwise logistic regression revealed that diabetes was not independently associated with mortality (p=0.092). Older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.054; p=0.003), aggravated pulmonary involvement on admission (OR, 1.149; p=0.001), presence of comorbidities (OR, 1.290; p=0.020) and hypothyroidism (OR, 6.576; p=0.021) were associated with mortality. Diabetic foot infection had a strong positive correlation with mortality (OR, 49.819; p=0.016), whereas insulin therapy had a negative correlation (OR, 0.242; p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate due to COVID-19 did not differ significantly between patients with or without diabetes. Older age, macrovascular complications and presence of comorbidities could increase mortality in people with diabetes. Insulin therapy during hospitalization could attenuate the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia and improve prognosis of patients with COVID-19 and diabetes.