Cargando…
Brain imaging biomarkers of carotid artery disease
Extracranial carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is a major contributor to ischemic stroke. Carotid atherosclerotic disease can present with a spectrum of findings ranging from mild carotid intima-media thickness to high-risk vulnerable carotid plaque features and carotid stenosis. Before leading...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
AME Publishing Company
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7607077/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178809 http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-1939 |
_version_ | 1783604570584252416 |
---|---|
author | Baradaran, Hediyeh Gupta, Ajay |
author_facet | Baradaran, Hediyeh Gupta, Ajay |
author_sort | Baradaran, Hediyeh |
collection | PubMed |
description | Extracranial carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is a major contributor to ischemic stroke. Carotid atherosclerotic disease can present with a spectrum of findings ranging from mild carotid intima-media thickness to high-risk vulnerable carotid plaque features and carotid stenosis. Before leading to clinically overt stroke or transient ischemic attack, there may be other markers of downstream ischemia secondary to carotid atherosclerotic disease. In this review article, we will review some of the imaging findings that may be seen downstream to carotid artery disease on various imaging modalities, including hemodynamic and perfusional abnormalities which may be seen on CT, MR, or using other advanced imaging techniques, white matter hyperintensities on brain imaging, silent or covert brain infarctions, cerebral microbleeds, and regional and generalized cerebral volume loss. Many of these imaging findings are seen routinely on brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients without overt clinical symptoms. Despite frequently being asymptomatic, many of these imaging findings are also strongly associated with increased risk of future stroke, cognitive impairment, and even mortality. We will review the existing evidence underpinning the associations between these frequently encountered imaging findings and carotid artery atherosclerotic disease. Future validation of these imaging findings could lead to them being powerful biomarkers of cerebrovascular health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7607077 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | AME Publishing Company |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76070772020-11-10 Brain imaging biomarkers of carotid artery disease Baradaran, Hediyeh Gupta, Ajay Ann Transl Med Review Article on Carotid Artery Stenosis and Stroke: Prevention and Treatment Part I Extracranial carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is a major contributor to ischemic stroke. Carotid atherosclerotic disease can present with a spectrum of findings ranging from mild carotid intima-media thickness to high-risk vulnerable carotid plaque features and carotid stenosis. Before leading to clinically overt stroke or transient ischemic attack, there may be other markers of downstream ischemia secondary to carotid atherosclerotic disease. In this review article, we will review some of the imaging findings that may be seen downstream to carotid artery disease on various imaging modalities, including hemodynamic and perfusional abnormalities which may be seen on CT, MR, or using other advanced imaging techniques, white matter hyperintensities on brain imaging, silent or covert brain infarctions, cerebral microbleeds, and regional and generalized cerebral volume loss. Many of these imaging findings are seen routinely on brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients without overt clinical symptoms. Despite frequently being asymptomatic, many of these imaging findings are also strongly associated with increased risk of future stroke, cognitive impairment, and even mortality. We will review the existing evidence underpinning the associations between these frequently encountered imaging findings and carotid artery atherosclerotic disease. Future validation of these imaging findings could lead to them being powerful biomarkers of cerebrovascular health. AME Publishing Company 2020-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7607077/ /pubmed/33178809 http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-1939 Text en 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Article on Carotid Artery Stenosis and Stroke: Prevention and Treatment Part I Baradaran, Hediyeh Gupta, Ajay Brain imaging biomarkers of carotid artery disease |
title | Brain imaging biomarkers of carotid artery disease |
title_full | Brain imaging biomarkers of carotid artery disease |
title_fullStr | Brain imaging biomarkers of carotid artery disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Brain imaging biomarkers of carotid artery disease |
title_short | Brain imaging biomarkers of carotid artery disease |
title_sort | brain imaging biomarkers of carotid artery disease |
topic | Review Article on Carotid Artery Stenosis and Stroke: Prevention and Treatment Part I |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7607077/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178809 http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-1939 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT baradaranhediyeh brainimagingbiomarkersofcarotidarterydisease AT guptaajay brainimagingbiomarkersofcarotidarterydisease |