Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: Clinical characteristics and outcomes

BACKGROUND: Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare liver malignancy originating from primary mesenchymal tissue. The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and imaging examinations of the disease lack specificity and the preoperative misdiagnosis rate is high. The overall prognosis is poor and survival rate is low. AIM: To investigate the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of UESL. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, single-center cohort study in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, which is a central hospital in northeast China. From 2005 to 2017, we recruited 14 patients with pathologically confirmed UESL. We analyzed the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging examinations, pathological examinations, therapy, and prognosis of these patients. RESULTS: There were nine males and five females aged 2-60 years old included in the study. The major initial symptoms were abdominal pain (71.43%) and fever (57.14%). Preoperative laboratory tests revealed that seven patients had increased leukocyte levels, four showed a decrease in hemoglobin levels, seven patients had increased glutamyl transpeptidase levels, nine had increased lactate dehydrogenase levels, and three showed an increase in carbohydrate antigen 199. There was no difference in the rate of misdiagnosis in preoperative imaging examinations of UESL between adults and children (6/6 vs 5/8, P = 0.091). The survival rate after complete resection was 6/10, while that after incomplete resection was 0/4 (P = 0.040), suggesting that complete resection is important to improve survival rate. In total, five out of the eight children achieved survival. During the follow-up, the maximum survival time was shown to be 11 years and minimum survival time was 6 mo. Six adult patients relapsed late after surgery and all of them died. CONCLUSION: Preoperative imaging examination for UESL has a high misdiagnosis rate. Multidisciplinary collaboration can improve the diagnostic accuracy of UESL. Complete surgical resection is the first choice for treatment of UESL.