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Extraction of Fulvic Acid from Lignite and Characterization of Its Functional Groups
[Image: see text] Fulvic acid (FA) is a complex organic mixture composed of small molecules. The structure and composition of FA vary greatly because of the different raw materials used for preparing FA. In this work, FA was extracted from shallow low-rank lignite by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7643152/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33163778 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03388 |
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author | Gong, Guanqun Xu, Liangwei Zhang, Yingjie Liu, Weixin Wang, Ming Zhao, Yufeng Yuan, Xin Li, Yajun |
author_facet | Gong, Guanqun Xu, Liangwei Zhang, Yingjie Liu, Weixin Wang, Ming Zhao, Yufeng Yuan, Xin Li, Yajun |
author_sort | Gong, Guanqun |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Fulvic acid (FA) is a complex organic mixture composed of small molecules. The structure and composition of FA vary greatly because of the different raw materials used for preparing FA. In this work, FA was extracted from shallow low-rank lignite by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in a microwave field, and the functional groups of FA were characterized. The optimal extraction process was determined, with the H(2)O(2) concentration being the key factor affecting the yield of FA. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that FA was mainly composed of low molecular weight and readily pyrolyzed compounds. As shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, in the process of FA extraction by H(2)O(2) oxidation of lignite, the content of −COOH increased, long-chain aliphatic compounds decreased, stretching vibrations of aromatic ring skeletons disappeared, and aromatic ring substitution became mainly tri- or disubstitution. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that FA had a low degree of aromaticity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy qualitatively and quantitatively revealed that the main modes of carbon–oxygen bonding in FA were C–O–, COO–, and C=O. Thus, this study not only lays a foundation for studying the composition and structure of coal-based FA but also opens a new avenue for a clean and efficient utilization of lignite. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7643152 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76431522020-11-06 Extraction of Fulvic Acid from Lignite and Characterization of Its Functional Groups Gong, Guanqun Xu, Liangwei Zhang, Yingjie Liu, Weixin Wang, Ming Zhao, Yufeng Yuan, Xin Li, Yajun ACS Omega [Image: see text] Fulvic acid (FA) is a complex organic mixture composed of small molecules. The structure and composition of FA vary greatly because of the different raw materials used for preparing FA. In this work, FA was extracted from shallow low-rank lignite by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in a microwave field, and the functional groups of FA were characterized. The optimal extraction process was determined, with the H(2)O(2) concentration being the key factor affecting the yield of FA. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that FA was mainly composed of low molecular weight and readily pyrolyzed compounds. As shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, in the process of FA extraction by H(2)O(2) oxidation of lignite, the content of −COOH increased, long-chain aliphatic compounds decreased, stretching vibrations of aromatic ring skeletons disappeared, and aromatic ring substitution became mainly tri- or disubstitution. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that FA had a low degree of aromaticity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy qualitatively and quantitatively revealed that the main modes of carbon–oxygen bonding in FA were C–O–, COO–, and C=O. Thus, this study not only lays a foundation for studying the composition and structure of coal-based FA but also opens a new avenue for a clean and efficient utilization of lignite. American Chemical Society 2020-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7643152/ /pubmed/33163778 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03388 Text en © 2020 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. |
spellingShingle | Gong, Guanqun Xu, Liangwei Zhang, Yingjie Liu, Weixin Wang, Ming Zhao, Yufeng Yuan, Xin Li, Yajun Extraction of Fulvic Acid from Lignite and Characterization of Its Functional Groups |
title | Extraction of Fulvic Acid from Lignite and Characterization
of Its Functional Groups |
title_full | Extraction of Fulvic Acid from Lignite and Characterization
of Its Functional Groups |
title_fullStr | Extraction of Fulvic Acid from Lignite and Characterization
of Its Functional Groups |
title_full_unstemmed | Extraction of Fulvic Acid from Lignite and Characterization
of Its Functional Groups |
title_short | Extraction of Fulvic Acid from Lignite and Characterization
of Its Functional Groups |
title_sort | extraction of fulvic acid from lignite and characterization
of its functional groups |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7643152/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33163778 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03388 |
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