Treatment of Corneal Infections Utilizing an Ocular Wound Chamber

PURPOSE: To demonstrate that the ocular wound chamber (OWC) can be used for the treatment of bacterial keratitis (BK). METHODS: A blepharotomy was performed on anesthetized, hairless guinea pigs to induce exposure keratopathy 72 hours before corneal wound creation and Pseudomonas aeruginosa inoculation. Twenty-four hours postinoculation, eyes were treated with an OWC filled with 500 µL 0.5% moxifloxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic solution (OWC), 10 µL 0.5% moxifloxacin hydrochloride drops (DROPS) four times daily, or not treated (NT). White light, fluorescein, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images; ocular and periocular tissues samples for colony-forming units (CFU) quantification; and plasma samples were collected at 24 and 72 hours posttreatment. RESULTS: White light, fluorescein, and SD-OCT imaging suggests OWC-treated eyes are qualitatively healthier than those in DROPS or NT groups. At 24 hours, the median number of CFUs (interquartile range) measured was 0 (0–8750), 150,000 (106,750–181,250), and 8750 (2525–16,000) CFU/mL for OWC, NT, and DROPS, respectively. While 100% of NT and DROPS animals remained infected at 24 hours, only 25% of OWC-treated animals showed infection. Skin samples at 24 hours showed infection percentages of 50%, 75%, and 0% in DROPS, NT, and OWC groups, respectively. OWC-treated animals had higher moxifloxacin plasma concentrations at 24 and 72 hours than those treated with drops. CONCLUSIONS: OWC use resulted in a more rapid decrease of CFUs when compared to DROPS or NT groups and was associated with qualitatively healthier ocular and periocular tissue. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: The OWC could be used clinically to continuously and rapidly deliver antimicrobials to infected ocular and periocular tissues, effectively lowering bacterial bioburdens and mitigating long-term complications.