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Update on uveal melanoma: Translational research from biology to clinical practice (Review)

Uveal melanoma is the most common type of intraocular cancer with a low mean annual incidence of 5-10 cases per million. Tumours are located in the choroid (90%), ciliary body (6%) or iris (4%) and of 85% are primary tumours. As in cutaneous melanoma, tumours arise in melanocytes; however, the chara...

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Autores principales: Ortega, Miguel A., Fraile-Martínez, Oscar, García-Honduvilla, Natalio, Coca, Santiago, Álvarez-Mon, Melchor, Buján, Julia, Teus, Miguel A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: D.A. Spandidos 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7646582/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33173970
http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5140
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author Ortega, Miguel A.
Fraile-Martínez, Oscar
García-Honduvilla, Natalio
Coca, Santiago
Álvarez-Mon, Melchor
Buján, Julia
Teus, Miguel A.
author_facet Ortega, Miguel A.
Fraile-Martínez, Oscar
García-Honduvilla, Natalio
Coca, Santiago
Álvarez-Mon, Melchor
Buján, Julia
Teus, Miguel A.
author_sort Ortega, Miguel A.
collection PubMed
description Uveal melanoma is the most common type of intraocular cancer with a low mean annual incidence of 5-10 cases per million. Tumours are located in the choroid (90%), ciliary body (6%) or iris (4%) and of 85% are primary tumours. As in cutaneous melanoma, tumours arise in melanocytes; however, the characteristics of uveal melanoma differ, accounting for 3-5% of melanocytic cancers. Among the numerous risk factors are age, sex, genetic and phenotypic predisposition, the work environment and dermatological conditions. Management is usually multidisciplinary, including several specialists such as ophthalmologists, oncologists and maxillofacial surgeons, who participate in the diagnosis, treatment and complex follow-up of these patients, without excluding the management of the immense emotional burden. Clinically, uveal melanoma generates symptoms that depend as much on the affected ocular globe site as on the tumour size. The anatomopathological study of uveal melanoma has recently benefited from developments in molecular biology. In effect, disease classification or staging according to molecular profile is proving useful for the assessment of this type of tumour. Further, the improved knowledge of tumour biology is giving rise to a more targeted approach to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment development; for example, epigenetics driven by microRNAs as a target for disease control. In the present study, the main epidemiological, clinical, physiopathological and molecular features of this disease are reviewed, and the associations among all these factors are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-76465822020-11-13 Update on uveal melanoma: Translational research from biology to clinical practice (Review) Ortega, Miguel A. Fraile-Martínez, Oscar García-Honduvilla, Natalio Coca, Santiago Álvarez-Mon, Melchor Buján, Julia Teus, Miguel A. Int J Oncol Articles Uveal melanoma is the most common type of intraocular cancer with a low mean annual incidence of 5-10 cases per million. Tumours are located in the choroid (90%), ciliary body (6%) or iris (4%) and of 85% are primary tumours. As in cutaneous melanoma, tumours arise in melanocytes; however, the characteristics of uveal melanoma differ, accounting for 3-5% of melanocytic cancers. Among the numerous risk factors are age, sex, genetic and phenotypic predisposition, the work environment and dermatological conditions. Management is usually multidisciplinary, including several specialists such as ophthalmologists, oncologists and maxillofacial surgeons, who participate in the diagnosis, treatment and complex follow-up of these patients, without excluding the management of the immense emotional burden. Clinically, uveal melanoma generates symptoms that depend as much on the affected ocular globe site as on the tumour size. The anatomopathological study of uveal melanoma has recently benefited from developments in molecular biology. In effect, disease classification or staging according to molecular profile is proving useful for the assessment of this type of tumour. Further, the improved knowledge of tumour biology is giving rise to a more targeted approach to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment development; for example, epigenetics driven by microRNAs as a target for disease control. In the present study, the main epidemiological, clinical, physiopathological and molecular features of this disease are reviewed, and the associations among all these factors are discussed. D.A. Spandidos 2020-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7646582/ /pubmed/33173970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5140 Text en Copyright: © Ortega et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Articles
Ortega, Miguel A.
Fraile-Martínez, Oscar
García-Honduvilla, Natalio
Coca, Santiago
Álvarez-Mon, Melchor
Buján, Julia
Teus, Miguel A.
Update on uveal melanoma: Translational research from biology to clinical practice (Review)
title Update on uveal melanoma: Translational research from biology to clinical practice (Review)
title_full Update on uveal melanoma: Translational research from biology to clinical practice (Review)
title_fullStr Update on uveal melanoma: Translational research from biology to clinical practice (Review)
title_full_unstemmed Update on uveal melanoma: Translational research from biology to clinical practice (Review)
title_short Update on uveal melanoma: Translational research from biology to clinical practice (Review)
title_sort update on uveal melanoma: translational research from biology to clinical practice (review)
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7646582/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33173970
http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5140
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