Co-cultured methanogen improved the metabolism in the hydrogenosome of anaerobic fungus as revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to reveal the metabolic shift in the fungus co-cultured with the methanogen (Methanobrevibacter thaueri). METHODS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to investigate the metabolites in anaerobic fungal (Pecoramyces sp. F1) cells and the supernatant. RESULTS: A total of 104 and 102 metabolites were detected in the fungal cells and the supernatant, respectively. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that the metabolite profiles in both the fungal cell and the supernatant were distinctly shifted when co-cultured with methanogen. Statistically, 16 and 30 metabolites were significantly (p<0.05) affected in the fungal cell and the supernatant, respectively by the co-cultured methanogen. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that co-culturing with methanogen reduced the production of lactate from pyruvate in the cytosol and increased metabolism in the hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic fungus. Citrate was accumulated in the cytosol of the fungus co-cultured with the methanogen. CONCLUSION: The co-culture of the anaerobic fungus and the methanogen is a good model for studying the microbial interaction between H(2)-producing and H(2)-utilizing microorganisms. However, metabolism in hydrogenosome needs to be further studied to gain better insight in the hydrogen transfer among microorganisms.