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The potential of a constellation of low earth orbit satellite imagers to monitor worldwide fossil fuel CO(2) emissions from large cities and point sources

BACKGROUND: Satellite imagery will offer unparalleled global spatial coverage at high-resolution for long term cost-effective monitoring of CO(2) concentration plumes generated by emission hotspots. CO(2) emissions can then be estimated from the magnitude of these plumes. In this paper, we assimilat...

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Autores principales: Lespinas, Franck, Wang, Yilong, Broquet, Grégoire, Bréon, François-Marie, Buchwitz, Michael, Reuter, Maximilian, Meijer, Yasjka, Loescher, Armin, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Zheng, Bo, Ciais, Philippe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7650226/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32886217
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13021-020-00153-4
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author Lespinas, Franck
Wang, Yilong
Broquet, Grégoire
Bréon, François-Marie
Buchwitz, Michael
Reuter, Maximilian
Meijer, Yasjka
Loescher, Armin
Janssens-Maenhout, Greet
Zheng, Bo
Ciais, Philippe
author_facet Lespinas, Franck
Wang, Yilong
Broquet, Grégoire
Bréon, François-Marie
Buchwitz, Michael
Reuter, Maximilian
Meijer, Yasjka
Loescher, Armin
Janssens-Maenhout, Greet
Zheng, Bo
Ciais, Philippe
author_sort Lespinas, Franck
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Satellite imagery will offer unparalleled global spatial coverage at high-resolution for long term cost-effective monitoring of CO(2) concentration plumes generated by emission hotspots. CO(2) emissions can then be estimated from the magnitude of these plumes. In this paper, we assimilate pseudo-observations in a global atmospheric inversion system to assess the performance of a constellation of one to four sun-synchronous low-Earth orbit (LEO) imagers to monitor anthropogenic CO(2) emissions. The constellation of imagers follows the specifications from the European Spatial Agency (ESA) for the Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring (CO2M) concept for a future operational mission dedicated to the monitoring of anthropogenic CO(2) emissions. This study assesses the uncertainties in the inversion estimates of emissions (“posterior uncertainties”). RESULTS: The posterior uncertainties of emissions for individual cities and power plants are estimated for the 3 h before satellite overpasses, and extrapolated at annual scale assuming temporal auto-correlations in the uncertainties in the emission products that are used as a prior knowledge on the emissions by the Bayesian framework of the inversion. The results indicate that (i) the number of satellites has a proportional impact on the number of 3 h time windows for which emissions are constrained to better than 20%, but it has a small impact on the posterior uncertainties in annual emissions; (ii) having one satellite with wide swath would provide full images of the XCO(2) plumes, and is more beneficial than having two satellites with half the width of reference swath; and (iii) an increase in the precision of XCO(2) retrievals from 0.7 ppm to 0.35 ppm has a marginal impact on the emission monitoring performance. CONCLUSIONS: For all constellation configurations, only the cities and power plants with an annual emission higher than 0.5 MtC per year can have at least one 8:30–11:30 time window during one year when the emissions can be constrained to better than 20%. The potential of satellite imagers to constrain annual emissions not only depend on the design of the imagers, but also strongly depend on the temporal error structure in the prior uncertainties, which is needed to be objectively assessed in the bottom-up emission maps.
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spelling pubmed-76502262020-11-16 The potential of a constellation of low earth orbit satellite imagers to monitor worldwide fossil fuel CO(2) emissions from large cities and point sources Lespinas, Franck Wang, Yilong Broquet, Grégoire Bréon, François-Marie Buchwitz, Michael Reuter, Maximilian Meijer, Yasjka Loescher, Armin Janssens-Maenhout, Greet Zheng, Bo Ciais, Philippe Carbon Balance Manag Research BACKGROUND: Satellite imagery will offer unparalleled global spatial coverage at high-resolution for long term cost-effective monitoring of CO(2) concentration plumes generated by emission hotspots. CO(2) emissions can then be estimated from the magnitude of these plumes. In this paper, we assimilate pseudo-observations in a global atmospheric inversion system to assess the performance of a constellation of one to four sun-synchronous low-Earth orbit (LEO) imagers to monitor anthropogenic CO(2) emissions. The constellation of imagers follows the specifications from the European Spatial Agency (ESA) for the Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring (CO2M) concept for a future operational mission dedicated to the monitoring of anthropogenic CO(2) emissions. This study assesses the uncertainties in the inversion estimates of emissions (“posterior uncertainties”). RESULTS: The posterior uncertainties of emissions for individual cities and power plants are estimated for the 3 h before satellite overpasses, and extrapolated at annual scale assuming temporal auto-correlations in the uncertainties in the emission products that are used as a prior knowledge on the emissions by the Bayesian framework of the inversion. The results indicate that (i) the number of satellites has a proportional impact on the number of 3 h time windows for which emissions are constrained to better than 20%, but it has a small impact on the posterior uncertainties in annual emissions; (ii) having one satellite with wide swath would provide full images of the XCO(2) plumes, and is more beneficial than having two satellites with half the width of reference swath; and (iii) an increase in the precision of XCO(2) retrievals from 0.7 ppm to 0.35 ppm has a marginal impact on the emission monitoring performance. CONCLUSIONS: For all constellation configurations, only the cities and power plants with an annual emission higher than 0.5 MtC per year can have at least one 8:30–11:30 time window during one year when the emissions can be constrained to better than 20%. The potential of satellite imagers to constrain annual emissions not only depend on the design of the imagers, but also strongly depend on the temporal error structure in the prior uncertainties, which is needed to be objectively assessed in the bottom-up emission maps. Springer International Publishing 2020-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7650226/ /pubmed/32886217 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13021-020-00153-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Lespinas, Franck
Wang, Yilong
Broquet, Grégoire
Bréon, François-Marie
Buchwitz, Michael
Reuter, Maximilian
Meijer, Yasjka
Loescher, Armin
Janssens-Maenhout, Greet
Zheng, Bo
Ciais, Philippe
The potential of a constellation of low earth orbit satellite imagers to monitor worldwide fossil fuel CO(2) emissions from large cities and point sources
title The potential of a constellation of low earth orbit satellite imagers to monitor worldwide fossil fuel CO(2) emissions from large cities and point sources
title_full The potential of a constellation of low earth orbit satellite imagers to monitor worldwide fossil fuel CO(2) emissions from large cities and point sources
title_fullStr The potential of a constellation of low earth orbit satellite imagers to monitor worldwide fossil fuel CO(2) emissions from large cities and point sources
title_full_unstemmed The potential of a constellation of low earth orbit satellite imagers to monitor worldwide fossil fuel CO(2) emissions from large cities and point sources
title_short The potential of a constellation of low earth orbit satellite imagers to monitor worldwide fossil fuel CO(2) emissions from large cities and point sources
title_sort potential of a constellation of low earth orbit satellite imagers to monitor worldwide fossil fuel co(2) emissions from large cities and point sources
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7650226/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32886217
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13021-020-00153-4
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